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| 題 名 | 第三級危險群細菌的實驗室感染及生物安全=Laboratory-Acquired Infections And Biosafety of High Pathogenic Risk-Group 3 Bacteria |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 李淑英; 陳育辰; 陳國緯; 廖美惠; 鄧華真; 簡正倫; | 書刊名 | 疫情報導 |
| 卷 期 | 36:23 2020.12.08[民109.12.08] |
| 頁 次 | 頁371-379 |
| 分類號 | 412.42 |
| 關鍵詞 | 第三級危險群細菌; 生物安全等級; 實驗室感染; 生物安全意外; Risk group 3 bacteria; Biosafety level; Biosecurity; Laboratory-acquired infections; Biosafety accidents; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 隨著全球感染症及醫學微生物研究的蓬勃發展,第三級危險群(Risk group 3, RG3)細菌在實驗室的生物安全管理不容忽視。實驗室工作者以及醫療從業人員有必要瞭解常導致實驗室感染的高致病性細菌病原,其傳染途徑、潛在生物風險與預防措施。本文回顧於1961年至2019年間全球39篇文獻報導實驗室感染高致病性細菌的案例及相關生物安全意外事故,總共歸納了1,347個案例,這些RG3的細菌以布魯氏菌(Brucella spp.)為最大宗,佔56.05%、土倫法蘭西斯桿菌(Francisella tularensis)次之佔21.38%、結核桿菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)佔17.22%為第三位。主要感染途徑包括呼吸道吸入氣霧或孢子、傷口或黏膜接觸、針扎、動物咬傷等。實驗室預防措施包括應於符合生物安全等級三以上的實驗室操作RG3病原體,並佩戴適當的個人防護裝備。針對可能暴露於這些致病菌的工作人員,提供疫苗或預防性投藥並收集血液進行血清學檢查及追蹤。 |
| 英文摘要 | With the global development of research on infectious diseases and medical microbiology, the biosafety management of the risk group 3 (RG3) bacteria in the laboratory cannot be ignored. Laboratory workers and medical practitioners should have sufficient knowledge about the most frequent laboratory infection accidents, types of exposure and transmission routes, potential biosafety risks and the preventive measures of these RG3 bacteria. This article reviewed 39 articles of the laboratory-acquired infections of RG3 bacteria reported in the literature during 1961–2019 and identified 1,347 cases. Among them, the Brucella (Brucella spp.) is the most frequent one and constituted 56.05%, followed by Francisella tularensis (21.38%) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (17.22%). The main routes of infection include respiratory inhalation of aerosols or spores, wound or mucosal contact, needle sticks, and animal bites. Laboratory precautions include operating the RG3 pathogens in a laboratory that meets biosafety level three or higher and wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. We recommend providing vaccination or prophylactic administration and collecting blood for serological examination and follow-up of workers who may be exposed to these pathogens. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。