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頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 真菌的實驗室感染及生物安全=Laboratory-Acquired Fungal Infections and Biosafety |
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作 者 | 施苡亘; 陳國緯; 鄧華真; 廖美惠; 陳必智; 李雅萍; 李淑英; 廖美惠; 李淑英; 施苡亘; 李雅萍; 陳國緯; 陳必智; 鄧華真; | 書刊名 | 疫情報導 |
卷 期 | 32:9 2016.05.10[民105.05.10] |
頁 次 | 頁193-198 |
分類號 | 412.53 |
關鍵詞 | 真菌; 酵母菌; 絲狀真菌; 雙型性真菌; 生物安全等級; 實驗室感染; 生物安全意外; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 近年來,由於人口遷移,氣候及環境之變遷和免疫功能低下族群的增加,使得高致病性與伺機性真菌病越來越受到重視。實驗室工作者以及醫療從業人員有必要瞭解常導致實驗室感染的真菌病原,其導致感染的途徑、潛在生物風險與相關的預防之道。本文回顧歷年全球實驗室感染真菌的案例及相關生物安全意外事故,經統計於1959年至2015年間計發生398例真菌感染案例,其中以皮癬菌(dermatophytes)引起感染的40.5%佔最大宗,主要發生在動物實驗操作時。處理臨床檢體和菌株方面的感染意外,主要由第三級危險群(risk group3, RG3)微生物之雙型性真菌引起,包括粗球黴菌(Coccidioides immitis或C. posadasii)佔29%,莢膜組織漿菌(Histoplasma capsulatum)佔20.8%;第二級危險群(RG2)微生物的雙型性真菌引起,包括皮炎芽生菌(Blastomyces dermatitidis)佔3.5%,申克氏孢子絲狀菌(Sporothrix schenckii)的感染佔3.8%,馬爾尼菲青黴菌(Penicillium marneffei)佔0.5%,酵母菌方面的新型隱球菌(Cryptococcus neoformans)佔2.0%。主要感染途徑包括接觸動物、針扎、呼吸道接觸分生孢子和氣霧、傷口或黏膜接觸等。為了避免人員遭受感染,RG3雙型性真菌菌絲型培養或處理含分生孢子檢體時,務必在生物安全第三等級(biosafety level3, BSL–3)實驗室或三級生物安全櫃中進行;RG3雙型性真菌的動物感染試驗則應在三級動物生物安全設施(animal biosafety level 3, ABSL–3)實驗室進行;其他含活菌臨床檢體或酵母菌型菌株處理時務必在適當的BSL–3實驗室或二級生物安全櫃中操作。實驗中應配戴個人防護裝備,實驗結束後應該要徹底洗淨雙手,並確實做好實驗環境的清潔與消毒。 |
英文摘要 | In recent years, due to the increase of global migration, climate and environmental change, and immunocompromised population, highly pathogenic and opportunistic fungal diseases are receiving increasing concern in many countries. Hence, it is necessary for laboratory and health care workers to learn about the most frequent fungal laboratory infection accidents, their exposure and transmission routes, as well as potential biosafety risks and the preventive measures. We review laboratory-acquired fungal infections (LFIs) reported in the literature during 1959–2015 and find a total of 398 cases. Among them, dermatophytes constitutes 40.5% and is the most frequent LFIs and occurred mostly in animal experiments. Regarding accidents of handling clinical specimens or fungal culture, the risk group 3 (RG3) dimorphic fungi are the major causative agents, such as Coccidioides spp. (C. immitis or C. posadasii) constituting 28.9%, Histoplasma capsulatum 20.8%. RG2 dimorphic fungi such as Sporothrix schenckii (3.8%), Blastomyces dermatitidis (3.5%), and Penicillium marneffei (0.5%), are also major LFI pathogens. In yeast, Cryptococcus neoformans consisted 2.0% of total LFIs. Infection routes of LFI include animal contacts, needle/sharp injuries, airway inhalation of conidia or infectious aerosol and wound or mucosal contacts etc. In order to protect laboratory workers from getting infected, culturing of the mold form of RG3 dimorphic fungi or handling specimens containing conidia should be done under biosafety level 3(BSL–3) or class III biological safety cabinet(class III BSC) environment; animal infection experiment with RG3 fungi should be conducted in animal biosafety level 3(ABSL–3) facilities; other experiments dealing with samples containing viable fungi should be done in BSL–2 or class II BSC environment. Personal protective equipment should be worn during laboratory experiments. Washing hands and decontamination and disinfection of and laboratory environment are needed after experiments are done. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。