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題名 | 五色鳥兩性在羽色及體形上的差異=Sexual Differences in Plumage Color and Body Size of the Taiwan Barbet (Psilopogon nuchalis) |
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作者姓名(中文) | 葛兆年; 張靖; 許詩涵; |
作者姓名(外文) | Koh, Chao-nien; Chang, Ching; Hsu, Shih-han; |
書刊名 | 臺灣林業科學 |
卷期 | 31:3 2016.09[民105.09] |
頁次 | 頁161-168 |
分類號 | 388.8 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 形質; 性擇; 擬鴷科; Morphology; Sexual selection; Megalaimadae; |
中文摘要 | 鳥類雌雄同型很常見,但有些種類在兩性間有細微的差異。五色鳥兩性外型究竟是相同或不同一直缺乏定論,故我們利用基因檢驗五色鳥性別並比較兩性在羽色及體形尺寸上的差異。結果顯示不論雌雄成鳥在上背部皆有紅色斑塊,證實是五色鳥成鳥羽色特徵。我們進一步發現五色鳥上背部羽毛中紅斑比例達50%以上的羽毛數,雄鳥明顯大於雌鳥,因此嚴格的說五色鳥兩性羽色並非完全相同。成鳥上背部紅斑之大小可以做為性別區分之參考,但個體間有相當差異,故建議謹慎使用。以上兩性羽色的差異,性擇可能是影響的機制之一。五色鳥兩性在嘴長、跗蹠長、翼長及體重皆沒有發現差異,以及野外未觀察過五色鳥兩性在資源利用上的區隔,因此兩性因競爭食物等資源而有形態上差異的適應結果,可能並未發生在五色鳥形質上。至於本研究測量形質中唯一有差異的尾羽長,來自於性擇的適應結果的可能性亦不大,而棲位區隔假說是否可解釋雄鳥尾羽長大於雌鳥,則需要更多五色鳥兩性生態習性的比較觀察。 |
英文摘要 | Sexual monomorphism is common in avian species. However, for many so-called monomorphic species, there may be subtle differences between males and females in plumage color and size. The sexes of the Taiwan Barbet (Psilopogon nuchalis) are hard to distinguish and there is a lack of a deciding statement on its monomorphism. We used a genetic-based approach to determine the sex of male and female Taiwan Barbets and examined the degree of plumage and size differences between males and females. It was found that adults of both sexes had a red patch on the upper back. The red patch on the Taiwan Barbet's upper back may be the most distinct character differentiating this species from other taxonomically closely related species. We found the number of feathers with ≧ 50% coverage of the red patch on the upper back was larger in males. Strictly speaking, the Taiwan Barbet is not entirely monomorphic. Since the size of the red patch on the bird's upper back is fairly variable, it was suggested that it be used with caution as a reference for distinguishing males and females. We suggest that sexual selection might be responsible for the different size of the red patch on the birds' upper back. No significant difference was found in bill length, tarsus length, wing length, or mass between male and female Taiwan Barbets. In addition, resource partitioning between the sexes has not been observed in the field. We suggest that morphological adaptation from intersexual competition for food might not have occurred in the measured morphology of the Taiwan Barbet. The only sexual size dimorphism in the Taiwan Barbet we found was in tail length. However, sexual selection unlikely explains the variation in the Taiwan Barbet's tail length. To hypothesize that resource division had forced the sexes to variate their tail length, further work on comparing ecological habits between the sexes is warranted. |
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