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題名 | 三種新興菊科雜草發芽特性及其防治=Seed Germination Characters and Chemical Control of Three Asteraceae Weeds |
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作者姓名(中文) | 徐玲明; 白瓊專; 林玉珠; | 書刊名 | 中華民國雜草學會會刊 |
卷期 | 33:2 2012.12[民101.12] |
頁次 | 頁105-114 |
分類號 | 433.58 |
關鍵詞 | 粗毛小米菊; 香澤蘭; 貓腥草; 發芽率; 除草劑; 雜草防治; Galinsoga quadriradiata; Chromolaena odorata; Praxelis clematidea; Germination; Herbicide; Weed control; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本試驗探討三種新興菊科雜草種子發芽對溫度、光照之需求,並分別選擇萌前與萌後除草劑於雜草萌芽初期及萌後生育期測試,比較雜草不同生長期之防治效果,以謀求最佳的防治管理方法。香澤蘭(Chromolaena odorata (L.)R. M. King & H. Rob.)、貓腥草(Praxelis clematidea(Griseb.)R. M. King & H. Rob.)、粗毛小米菊(Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz & Pav.)可發芽的溫度範圍是12~36℃,最適發芽之溫度:粗毛小米菊為16-24℃,香澤蘭及貓腥草為20-24℃。三種雜草最早之發芽出現於種子浸潤處理後2-4日間,6-8日可以達最高發芽率。香澤蘭於32℃,貓腥草於24℃,粗毛小米菊於16℃達到最高發芽率。五種萌前除草劑對粗毛小米菊、香澤蘭及貓腥草有近乎100%的防治率。萌後除草劑氟氯比、巴拉刈、嘉磷塞與固殺草對三種草防治率可達94.5-100%,登記使用量及1.5倍劑量兩者間無顯著差異;本達隆對粗毛小米菊和香澤蘭的防治效果不佳;氟氯比和伏速隆對香澤蘭、貓腥草的防治效果不佳,其中伏速隆需提高到1.5倍的劑量才有80%以上的防治率。 |
英文摘要 | Galinsoga quadriradiata (Ruiz & Pav.), Chromolaena odorata (L.; R. M. King & H. Rob.), and Praxelis clematidea (Griseb.; R. M. King & H. Rob.) are native to the tropic American. There are regarded as the worst weeds in many countries because its potentials of invasiveness and spread, as well as economic and environmental impacts. In this study, we investigated the effects of temperature and light on seed germination for three Asteraceae weeds under controlled environments. Temperature range for seed germination of three weeds were 12~36℃. Maximum germination of G. quadriradiata, C. odorata, and P. clematidea were obtained under 16-24℃, 28-36℃ and 20-24℃, respectively, in 6-8 days after imbibition. P. clematidea germinated well under condition on either light or dark. We tested the effects of 11 herbicides at the recommended rate (1X) and higher rate (1.5X) on these three seeded weeds. Pre-emergence treatment of butachlor, diuron, metazachlor, metribuzin and pendimethalin provided 96-100% control of all three weeds. Post-emergence application of glufosinate, glyphosate, and paraquat resulted in 94.5% reduction of fresh weight at 30 days after foliar application, bentazon provided 55.5-56.0% control at G. quadriradiata., whereas fluroxypyr provided less effect on C. odorata, and P. clematidea. |
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