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頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 水稻澱粉水解酵素(αAmy3基因)表現於水稻幼苗中受到淹水的誘導及有氧的抑制=Expression of Rice α-Amylase (αAmy3 Gene) Is Induced by Flooding and Repressed by Oxygen in Rice Seedling |
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作者姓名(中文) | 郭俊毅; 郭威廷; 陳鵬文; | 書刊名 | 作物、環境與生物資訊 |
卷期 | 10:4 2013.12[民102.12] |
頁次 | 頁272-283 |
分類號 | 434.111 |
關鍵詞 | α-澱粉水解酵素; 淹水; 缺氧; 缺糖; 水稻幼苗; αAmy3; α-amylase; Flooding; Oxygen deficiency; Sugar starvation; Rice seedling; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 水稻為濕地栽種的植物,對於土壤淹水的耐受性很高。當淹水產生低氧時,水稻可以生成α-澱粉水解酵素。然而對於淹水不具有耐受性的其他穀類作物,低氧並不會產生該酵素。成功地誘導α-澱粉水解酵素生成並提供可利用糖,可能是水稻可以忍受土壤淹水的重要因素之一。α-澱粉水解酵素基因的表現在水稻中不僅受到氧氣缺乏(O2deficiency)的誘導,也受到植物賀爾蒙吉貝素(gibberellin)及缺糖(sugar starvation)的誘導。先前的研究顯示兩個α-澱粉水解酵素基因αAmy3及αAmy8屬於次基因家族三(subfamilies 3),在水稻發芽胚體及幼苗葉片中受到無氧(anoxia)或低氧(hypoxia)的誘導表現。由於淹水造成低氧環境會促使植物細胞缺糖,因此αAmy3及αAmy8的低氧反應很有可能可以透過缺糖訊息途徑所調控。本研究利用基因轉殖水稻及RT-PCR方法分析α-澱粉水解酵素基因啟動子在水稻幼苗的低氧反應。我們利用溶氧度計偵測水中含氧量的變化,並且添加3%蔗糖於培養基溶液中觀察啟動子的表現活性。發現即使在含糖的培養基中,αAmy3及αAmy8都會受到淹水的誘導表現,但是αAmy3在水稻幼苗中對於淹水產生的低氧反應較敏感。試驗進一步發現αAmy3啟動子在有糖時表達活性很低,但是當水稻幼苗於淹水處理7天時αAmy3基因會有顯著的表現。當水退去恢復大氣下生長,啟動子表達活性又急劇的下降。因此α-澱粉水解酵素啟動子受到淹水產生的低氧訊息高度的誘導表現,可能不僅是透過缺糖訊息,氧氣在此基因調控上可能也扮演重要角色。試驗結果推測αAmy3及αAmy8基因的表現在水稻中不僅透過缺糖訊息途徑,也很有可能會透過低氧訊息途徑所調控。 |
英文摘要 | Global climate change causes unexpected flooding, which has increased in frequency and intensity over the past decade, adversely affects plant growth and greatly reduces crop yields worldwide. Rice is a wetland plant that is capable of withstanding prolonged soil flooding. When deprived of oxygen, α-amylase is produced in rice but not in flood-intolerant cereals. The successful production ofα-amylase, which provides available sugars in rice, is likely to play a crucial role in a plant’s tolerance to flooding. In addition to being upregulated by oxygen deficiency, riceα-amylase genes are also upregulated by phytohormone gibberellin and sugar starvation. Twoα-amylase genes of rice subfamily 3, αAmy3 andαAmy8, were previously shown to confer anoxia (no O2) and hypoxia (limited O2) responses in germinated rice embryos and the leaves of seedlings. Because flooding-induced hypoxia is known to trigger sugar starvation, αAmy3 andαAmy8 may respond to O2 deficits through sugar-starvation signaling. In the present study, a transgenic approach and RT-PCR assays were used to evaluate the hypoxia response according to the promoter activity of theα-amylase genes in rice seedlings. The oxygen level in water was monitored using a dissolved oxygen meter, and a medium containing 3% sucrose was prepared for a promoter activity assay. We observed that the activity of bothαAmy3 and Amy8 promoters was upregulated, and that theαAmy3 promoter conferred higher hypoxia inducibility than theαAmy8 promoter did in rice seedlings underwater and in the presence of sucrose. We also observed that, in the presence of sucrose, the promoter activity ofαAmy3 was extremely low in the rice seedlings, but significantly increased when the seedlings were incubated underwater for 7 days. Once reoxygenated, Amy3 expression dramatically reduced, exhibiting downregulated promoter activity. Consequently, it was unlikely that the highly inducible promoter ofα-amylase in the rice seedlings was caused only by sugar starvation because O2 levels may play a role in the regulation ofα-amylase gene expression. The results indicated that the expression ofαAmy3 andαAmy8 in rice seedlings was modulated by sugar-starvation signaling and through hypoxia signaling. |
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