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| 題 名 | 《左傳》晉人賈君身分辨析=An Analysis of the Identity of Jia-Jun in the Zuo-Zhuan |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 黃聖松; | 書刊名 | 中山人文學報 |
| 卷 期 | 59 2025.07[民114.07] |
| 頁 次 | 頁95-115 |
| 分類號 | 095.1 |
| 關鍵詞 | 左傳; 國語; 逸周書.謚法; 賈君; 烝; Zuo-Zhuan; Guo-Yu; Yi-Zhou-Shu; Jia-Jun; Zheng; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 本文辨析僖公十五年《左傳》賈君身分,杜預謂其乃晉獻公次妃,東漢人 唐固始主張是申生之妃。本文從賈君名號、《左傳》「烝」、「報」、「淫」、「通」 詞例、晉惠公改葬大子申生三層面辨析,證成杜預之見為確。《左傳》所見女性 稱「君」者,一為諸侯正妻或諸侯之母,二係以庶子身分稱嫡母。穆姬稱賈君 乃因是晉獻公次妃,既表彰尊榮身分,又體現其為穆姬與晉惠公之嫡母。其次, 《左傳》「烝」字乃子輩對母輩之性關係,若賈君是申生之妃,《左傳》當記以 「通」字。《左傳》既書晉惠公「烝」賈君,則賈君係晉獻公次妃。再次,僖公 十年《左傳》申生之鬼曰「夷吾無禮」,乃緣晉惠公為申生立「共」謚而發。《逸 周書.謚法》「既過能改曰恭」,晉惠公藉此構陷申生有弒殺晉獻公之意圖,為 贖罪而自殺。「夷吾無禮」既非指晉惠公「烝」賈君,從賈君名號與《左傳》 「烝」字用法,皆證賈君當非申生之妃。綜上所述,當以杜預之見為確。 |
| 英文摘要 | This article analyzes the identity of Jia-Jun in the fifteenth year of Duke Xi of Lu. Du-Yu identified her as a secondary consort of Duke Xian of Jin, while the Eastern Han scholar Tang-Gu initially proposed that she was the consort of Shensheng. This study examines Jia-Jun’s title, the usage of the terms “zheng,”(烝) “bao,”(報) “yin,”(淫)and “tong”(通)in Zuo-Zhuan, as well as Duke Hui of Jin’s reburial of Crown Prince Shen-sheng, to demonstrate that Du-Yu’s interpretation is correct. In Zuo-Zhuan, women addressed as “Jun”(君)fall into two categories: (1) principal wives of feudal lords or mothers of feudal lords, and (2) concubines honored as legitimate mothers due to their sons’ status. Mu-Ji referred to Jia-Jun in this way because Jia-Jun was a secondary consort of Duke Xian of Jin, signifying her esteemed status and acknowledging her role as the legitimate mother of both Mu-Ji and Duke Hui of Jin. Furthermore, in Zuo-Zhuan, the term “zheng” (烝)denotes sexual relations between a son and a mother figure, whereas “tong” (通)is used for relations between a man and his wife or concubine. If Jia-Jun had been the consort of Shen-Sheng, Zuo-Zhuan would have described Duke Hui of Jin’s actions using “tong” rather than “zheng.” Since Zuo-Zhuan records that Duke Hui of Jin “zheng”-ed Jia-Jun, this confirms that she was a secondary consort of Duke Xian of Jin. Once again, in the tenth year of Duke Xi of Lu in the Zuo-Zhuan, the ghost of Shen-Sheng says, “Yi-wu was disrespectful.” This accusation arises from the fact that Duke Hui of Jin bestowed the posthumous title Gong(共)upon Shen-Sheng. According to the Yi-Zhou-Shu, “One who corrects his mistakes is called Gong(恭).” Duke Hui of Jin exploited this principle to frame Shen-Sheng, insinuating that he had harbored intentions of murdering Duke Xian of Jin and had committed suicide as a means of atonement. The phrase “Yi-wu was disrespectful” does not refer to Duke Hui of Jin engaging in illicit relations(zheng, 烝)with Jia-Jun. From both Jia-Jun’s title and the usage of the character zheng in the Zuo-Zhuan, it can be established that she was unlikely to have been Shen-Sheng’s consort. In conclusion, Du-Yu’s interpretation should be regarded as correct. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。