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題名 | 序列線性水庫單位歷線模式之逕流生成及其應用=Runoff Generation from Serial Reservoir UH-Based Model and Their Applications |
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作者姓名(中文) | 鄭士仁; 周建明; 洪君伯; 李如晃; | 書刊名 | 農業工程學報 |
卷期 | 57:2 2011.06[民100.06] |
頁次 | 頁26-46 |
分類號 | 443.96 |
關鍵詞 | 氣候平均半變異圖; 區塊克利金; 單位歷線; 線性水庫; 逕流分量; Climatological mean semivariogram; Block Kriging; Unit hydrograph; Linear cascade reservoir; Runoff component; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 台灣地區時常於夏季時候發生大型降雨事件。因此,於因過大降水而導致嚴重 洪災之特定地區,降雨-逕流之生成為一重要之工作。本研究主要目的為應用三序 列串聯線性水庫模式生成與了解集水區出口之逕流分量。該概念化模式不需事先決 定超滲降雨與直接逕流,每個線性水庫皆具有指數型式之獨立反應函數。線性水庫 之出流代表降雨-逕流歷程集水區出口分量,其中,地表逕流考慮為快速流,地表 下逕流與地下水逕流為慢速流。逕流模擬過程中,應用區塊克利金法計算模式之輸 入-平均雨量。1966-2002 年68 場可用之降雨-逕流事件為本研究之研究樣本。其 中,54 個場次應用檢定最佳歷線參數,其亦應用於與那徐模式歷線模擬精度之比較。 模式效率則由14 場降雨-逕流資料驗證之。應用於驗證程序之七個平均參數顯示快 速流之瞬時單位歷線形狀較慢速流動更為尖聳,其尖峰到達時間亦較為提前。於降 雨-逕流歷程中,快速流尖峰流量遠大於慢速流,快速流之尖峰到達時間亦早於慢 速流,而慢速流之歷線基期長於快速流之歷線基期。此外,本研究亦發現:(1)慢速 流歷線基期與河川總逕流之基期相同;(2)快速流之歷線基期與臨前土壤濕潤狀態有 關;(3)快速逕流量與河川總逕流量呈現正比之關係。研究分析結果顯示本研究所應 用之水文模式適用於評估集水區之水文條件,其亦可進一步應用於台灣地區之集水區管理。 |
英文摘要 | Taiwan frequently experiences heavy rainfall events during the summer. The rainfall-runoff regeneration is an important job in specific areas where excessive rainfall causes serious flooding. The primary goal of this study is to generate and understand runoff components of the watershed outlet by using a conceptual model of three linear cascade reservoirs. The conceptual model is needless to determine direct runoff and excess rainfall in advance. Every linear cascade reservoir has an independent response function with an exponential expression. The outflows of the linear reservoirs represent streamflow components of a watershed outlet during rainfall-runoff processes, in which surface runoff is considered as quick runoff, whereas subsurface and groundwater runoffs are slow runoffs. In the simulation process, mean rainfall as model inputs were estimated using the block Kriging method. Available recordings of 68 rainfall-runoff events during 1966-2002 were used as the study sample. Fifty-four events were calibrated to determine the best hydrograph parameters and were used to compare simulation precision resulting from the model with those based on the Nash with NLP. The efficacy of the proposed model was verified using the remaining 14 observed rainfall-runoff data from an actual basin. The seven averaged parameters, which were applied for verification, show that the IUH shape of quick flow is more sharp-pointed with the peak shifted forward than that of slow flow. In rainfall-runoff processes, peak discharge of quick runoff is far larger than that of slow runoff, the time it takes for the peak discharge for a quick flow is earlier than that for a slow runoff, and the base time of a slow flow is longer than that of a quick flow. Furthermore, this study also found: (1) the base time of a slow runoff hydrograph is the same as that of a total runoff hydrograph; (2) the base time of a quick runoff hydrograph is contrariwise to the value of the soil antecedent moisture; (3) an amount of quick runoff is directly proportional to that of total runoff. These analytical results reveal that the model used in this study is suitable to evaluate hydrological conditions in this and other watersheds and can be further applied to watershed management in Taiwan. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。