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題名 | Between Power and Knowledge: Defining Moments in Guo Moruo's Career=權力與知識:郭沫若的職業生涯中的幾個關鍵性時刻 |
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作者 | 金秋; | 書刊名 | 當代中國研究 |
卷期 | 17:2 2010.10[民99.10] |
頁次 | 頁135-178 |
分類號 | 782.88 |
關鍵詞 | 郭沫若; 中國知識分子; 中國革命; 中國文化大革命; 毛澤東; 周恩來; Guo Moruo; Chinese intellectuals; Chinese revolution; Chinese Cultural Revolution; Mao Zedong; Zhou Enlai; |
語文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 郭沫若是中國知識份子中最有爭議的人物之一。雖然他已受到了中國學術界的廣泛認同,大多數西方學者卻對他在1949年以後的生活和學術著作不屑一顧。本文通過對郭沫若在他的職業生涯中同中國共產黨及其領導人的關係方面的幾個關鍵時刻的考察,來探討有關郭沫若的一些問題。對郭沫若生活中這些重要時刻的考察,揭示了很多中國知識份子在1949年後都經歷過的一種困境。作為中國學術界的領導者,郭沫若不斷地被迫放棄自己的政治或學術見解,以便不跨越黨所限定的雷池一步。而當郭沫若寧願遵守党的決定時,他往往為他的選擇付出重大代價,包括犧牲了他個人的名譽,對他的學術著作價值的以往的高度評價,以及更悲慘的是斷送了他的家人的性命。 然而,郭沫若並不是遇到這種進退兩難的局面的獨家之人。從更廣的意義上講,郭沫若的生活和學術經歷活生生地展示了中國知識份子所經歷的激烈的衝突和痛苦的掙扎。他們中的許多人被迫放棄有史以來由儒家傳統所限定的知識份子的身份,屈從黨的權力,從而被動地接受作為黨的喉舌的新的身份。許多人如同郭沫若一樣承擔著既是教育者又是受教育者的雙重身份,並在這一過程中既成為害人的幫兇,又最終成為中華人民共和國高度政治化社會的犧牲品。郭沫若和其他知識份子為了生存所作的選擇是可以理解的。然而他的故事展示了黨對中國學術界的控制給當代中國知識份子的生活以及他們的學術帶來的巨大影響。這種影響延至今日,並且可能會在可預見的將來繼續左右著中國學者的生活以及他們的學術研究。 |
英文摘要 | Guo Moruo is one of the most controversial figures among all Chinese intellectuals: while he has received wide recognition in Chinese academic fields, Western scholars have ignored his life and his scholarly works produced after 1949. This paper, through an examination of several defining moments in Guo’s life and career, addresses his complex relations with the Chinese Communist Party and its leaders. These defining moments in Guo’s life illustrate the dilemma that Guo and many other scholars experienced after 1949. As the leader of the Chinese intellectual community, Guo was constantly forced to give up his own political or scholarly opinions in order to function within the parameters set up by the Party. When Guo complied with the Party’s decisions, his choices often cost him his personal integrity, the high regard that had been held of his scholarly works, and, most tragically, the lives of his own family members. Guo, however, was not the only person who experienced this kind of dilemma. In a broad sense, the story of Guo’s life and scholarship provide a chilling example of the intense conflict and painful struggle experienced by Chinese intellectuals, who were forced to choose between preserving their special identity, which was defined by Confucian tradition, and surrendering to the Communist power, which demand that they assume new roles as mouthpiece of the Party. Many of these scholars, as in the case of Guo, assumed dual identifies as both the educator and the educated. In the process they also became both perpetrators and victims in the highly politicized society of the People’s Republic of China. It is understandable that Guo and other intellectuals made the choices that they did in order to survive. Guo’s story illustrates that the Party’s control over the Chinese academy has asserted tremendous influence on the intellectuals and their works. That impact continues to this day, and probably will continue to affect the life and research of Chinese scholars in the foreseeable future. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。