頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 明廷養象考=Textual Research on Elephants in the Imperial Palace during the Ming Dynasty |
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作 者 | 楊龢之; | 書刊名 | 中華科技史學會學刊 |
卷 期 | 14 2010.07[民99.07] |
頁 次 | 頁35-44 |
關鍵詞 | 明代; 馴象所; 儀仗; Ming dynasty; Elephant tamer’s office; Ceremonial procession; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 中國歷代中,象常是朝廷正式儀典中不可或缺的儀仗用獸,而於明朝為甚。《會典》明定不同儀典用象地點及數量,最多者達三十一頭;而養畜象數量一度可能高達三百頭以上。象的來源主要是東南亞各國所貢,其次來自本國少數產象地區,偶有戰爭俘獲者。管理、飼養單位為錦衣衛轄下馴象千戶所、宦官衙門御馬監轄下象房,二者各有專司,而以前者為大宗。役象眾多的各項大典不常有,但經常舉行的常朝則固定於午門外擺列六象,每年並有洗象儀式,當時皆為京師官民所習見。明朝滅亡過程中所畜象群可能頗有損失。清代雖仍承其養象、役象之制,但規模實已大為不如。 |
英文摘要 | Throughout Chinese history, elephants had often been employed in court ceremonial processions. Of all the dynasties, Ming used this animal most prominently. “Hwei Dian”(會典)── the book of Ming Dynasty’s court rituals specified the number of elephants used in different places. The maximum number employed could be as high as 31. The maximum number kept by the court was above 300. Most of the elephants came from Southeast Asian countries as part of their tribute to the Ming court. A small amount came from local areas. Occasionally, they were also obtained as war booty. The responsibility for husbanding these precious animals fell to the Jin Yi Wei (錦衣衛) ── the secret service of the Imperial Ming court. Under this organization, two offices: one called “Xuin Xiang Chien Hou Suo”(馴象千戶所)── the Elephant Tamer’s Office with the rank of One-thousand Households, the other called “Huan Guan Ya Men Yu Ma Jien Xia Xia Xiang Fang” (宦官衙門御馬監轄下象房)── the Elephant House of the Imperial Horse Barns under the Office of the Eunuch each had its own special responsibilities, with the former being the one with the most. Major rituals that involved the use of elephants in ceremonial processions were not everyday events. The more common ones were the daily audiences of the emperor that would require 6 elephants to be lined up in front of the “Wu Men” (午門)── the South Gate of the Imperial Palace. Also, the annual elephant bathing ceremonies here were familiar to residents of the capital. At the time of the fall of the Ming, the imperial elephants most likely suffered great losses. Though the Ching court continued the keeping of elephants, but the scope of their role in imperial ceremonies were lessened. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。