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題 名 | 影響降雨--逕流模式(GRAPH)校正係數變異之研究=Factors Affecting Variations of Correction Coefficients in the Watershed Rainfall-Runoff(GRAPH) model |
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作 者 | 林昭遠; 林姿君; 莊智瑋; | 書刊名 | 水土保持學報 |
卷 期 | 41:2 2009.06[民98.06] |
頁 次 | 頁107-124 |
分類號 | 436.124 |
關鍵詞 | 網格式合理化法; 降雨--逕流模式; 地文因子; 判別分析; GRAPH; Rainfall-runoff model; Topographic factors; Discriminate analysis; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 網格式合理化法(Grid Rational Algorithm for Predicting Hydrograph;GRAPH)為近年來所發 展的降雨-逕流模式,前人廣泛應用網格式合理化法於台灣北、中、南、東部之各集水區,因 各集水區地文、水文特性不一,在模式為清水流與不考慮臨前降雨、滲流及降雨損失之假設下, 需以校正係數α、β 進行修正。本研究匯整前人相關研究,結合地文資訊以判別分析分類校正 係數α、β 之平均數(Mα,Mβ)與標準差(Sα,Sβ),探討校正係數變異情形,進而評估模式應用區 位之特性。研究成果可將各集水區特性歸納如下:(1)(Mα,Mβ,Sα,Sβ)判別分析分類結果準確 率達95%,顯示校正係數值及變異量與集水區地文有顯著關係,可直接由地文因子加以分群。 (2)Mα 高者為水源涵養型如南澳北溪與番社坑溪集水區,因植生覆蓋良好,降雨受入滲之影響, 以致模式之校正係數α 須向上修正。(3)Mβ 高者可分為暴雨期間崩塌或人為干擾之情形,崩塌 型集水區如烏溪與八掌溪集水區,上游Mβ 高而中下游Mβ 低,可能因推移質由上游向中下游逐 漸沉澱;人為干擾區位如基隆河集水區,易因河道兩旁土地利用棄土及貨櫃受颱風影響阻擋導 致河道堰塞,致Mβ 較高。(4)Sα 與Sβ 高顯示資料離散程度大,分析各集水區特性發現,標準差 雖可由判別分析準確分類,但Sα 受暴雨事件數量及強度大小影響,於日後應用上需注意;Sβ 高則因地震與颱風暴雨造成單場劇烈崩塌,未來將進一步加入崩塌率並依各集水區特性分別進 行討論,以界定校正係數變異及適用之區位。 |
英文摘要 | The GRAPH (Grid Rational Algorithm for Predicting Hydrograph) model has been developed for rainfall-runoff simulation in recent years. Due to different characteristics in watershed topography and hydrology, and the model neglecting the situation of sediment transportation and antecedent precipitation; the simulation results of the model should be adjusted to fit the real world by means of correction coefficients. Coefficient α represents water resources conservation capability and the coefficient β can be regarded as the index of sediment concentration in the runoff. In this study, simulated data are collected from previous studies for discussing the relationship between grouping the variations of (α, β) and the correspondent watershed topographic factors by using discriminate analysis. The result describes as follows : (1) Accuracy of discriminate analysis is 95%, which reveals that there is a highly correlation between the variation of correction coefficients and the watershed topographic factors. (2)Watershed with more function of water cultivation such as Nan-Ao-Bei River and Fan-She-Keng River, both have a well vegetation coverage resulting in greater adjustment in α coefficient (Group with higher Mα). (3)Watershed vulnerable to landslide and/or the improper land use caused river blockage during storm period, higher landslide potential such as Wu River and Choshui River which have the phenomenon of sediment concentration decreasing from upstream to downstream resulting in a higher Mβ in upstream and lower one in downstream watershed; improper land use such as Keelung River (Group with higher Mβ) having a high potential in abandoned soils and container treatments, which operated at the nearby areas of river bank are easy to cause channel blockage at the typhoon seasons. (4)Watershed with higher Sα and/or Sβ shows a greater variation in correction coefficients. Although topographic factors of a watershed can be effectively used to classify the variations of coefficients, there are still some other key factors, sample size and intensity of the storm events, which did affect the variations of Sα, earthquake and typhoons make single severe landslide, which did affect the variations of Sβ.. Adding landslide map for further study are needed to fulfill explain the characteristics of a watershed in accordance with the variations of its correction coefficients. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。