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題 名 | 費爾巴哈之故意理論及其影響--以德國刑法為核心=On Feuerbach's Theory of Subjective Imputation |
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作 者 | 徐育安; | 書刊名 | 政大法學評論 |
卷 期 | 109 2009.06[民98.06] |
頁 次 | 頁1-57 |
分類號 | 587.943 |
關鍵詞 | 主觀歸責; 故意; 過失; 犯罪目的; 心理學; Subjective imputation; Intention; Negligence; Criminal purpose; Psychology; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 德國刑法學巨擘費爾巴哈(Paul Johann Anselm von Feuerbach, 1775-1833),在刑法學歷史上的地位輝煌耀眼,他承繼了啟蒙時期的思想,由此創造了一套從刑罰論貫穿至犯罪論的刑法學說,並奠定了聞名遐邇的罪刑法定原則。回顧德國刑法史,費爾巴哈對於整個主觀歸責的理論內涵具有革命性的影響力,建構了刑法故意與過失概念的根基,並且直至兩百年後的今日仍處處有跡可循,成為當代德國故意理論的基礎。費爾巴哈對於刑法上主觀歸責的思考基礎在於,反對以倫理學所強調的意志自由作為刑法主觀歸責之根據,而他所自行發展的學說,是以犯罪者所擁有的感官欲求為出發點,並以心理學作為分析故意概念的方法,與心理學密切結合的主觀歸責理論,是直接以心理現象決定故意過失之成立,以犯罪目的(Zweck)之有無作為兩者分界之判準。費爾巴哈之後,心理學的研究成果由此進一步地與刑法上的行為理論及罪責理論結合,尤其是因果行為理論以及心理罪責論,這樣的趨勢當然更加深化了心理學對於故意的影響。以心理現象判斷刑法上的故意概念,其看似人人皆知易於說理,且與日常生活上的用語相吻合,取得了學說與實務上的主流地位,但是,若要進一步推敲行為人的心理狀態時,卻會在行為人複雜迷濛的情緒叢林中失去方向,而在故意的意欲要素判定上,存在著歧義的檢驗標準。因此,綜上所述,面對這個費爾巴哈的遺產,仍有待我們進一步予以徹底的清理與重整。 |
英文摘要 | As a prominent criminal law scholar, "Paul Johann Anselm von "Feuerbach"" (1775-1833) developed a systematic theory of criminal law, which, under the influence of the "Siècle des Lumières", which consisted of theories of crime and punishment and created the well-known principle of "nulla poena sine lege". In retrospect with regard to the history of German criminal law, "Feuerbach"'s influence was revolutionary in the sense that he developed the concepts of "intention" and "negligence" and thereby set the basis for the contemporary theory of intention in German criminal law. "Feuerbach"'s theory of subjective imputation in criminal law is characteristic of its connection with psychology. It rejected the idea that subjective imputation in criminal law should be based on "free will" as emphasized by ethics and argued that "intention" and "negligence" must be determined on the basis of the individual psychological phenomenon and thereby must be distinguished according to the judgment whether a criminal behavior results from the criminal purpose. Afterwards, the research achievements in psychology have been more closely combined with behavioral theory and the principles of criminal liability in German criminal law. Viewed this way, "Feuerbach"'s theory undoubtedly led to the enormous impact of psychology on the determination of intention in criminal law. While this orientation towards psychology seems to be plausible and thereby occupies the leading position in theory and practice, it tends to confuse the practical judgment on the determination of intention because the psychological dimension of criminals is hard to investigate and to ascertain. Therefore, "Feuerbach"'s legacy needs not only to be cherished; it is also worth exploring how "Feuerbach"'s theory is to be clarified and even modified in light of contemporary German criminal law. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。