頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 印尼國營企業民營化的分析=The Analysis of Privatization in Indonesia |
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作 者 | 王政; | 書刊名 | 競爭力評論 |
卷 期 | 10 2007.07[民96.07] |
頁 次 | 頁66-95 |
分類號 | 553.61 |
關鍵詞 | 民營化; 結構調整計畫; 否決點; 分立政府; 中央與地方分權; Privatization; Structure adjustment programs; Veto player; Divided government; Decentralization; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 民營化是近年來世界銀行所推動之政府改革的重要工作之一,目的在減少政府赤字、增進公營事業效率、降低外債、和消除貪污。 印尼自一九八○年代晚期起推動經濟自由化,並將國營事業民營化列為重要施政目標,一九九七年亞洲金融危機發生後,世界銀行更把民營化列為提供印尼貸款的條件之一。雖然印尼政府每年在給國際貨幣基金的意向書中都設定民營化目標,然而執行成果卻不理想。 印尼民營化失敗有幾項原因,分別是聯合內閣導致行政部門缺乏協調、國會權力的擴張與干預削弱了政府推動經濟改革的能力。此外,實施中央與地方分權以後來自地方政府對國營企業的掠奪行為、員工與管理階層的抗爭、以及宗教與學生團體的反對,都阻礙了民營化的推動。還有,歷史與文化等相關因素也影響國營企業的改革。最後,嚴重的貪污問題和財產權缺乏保障更阻礙了國內外投資人參與民營化的意願,致使經濟改革前景蒙上一層陰影。 |
英文摘要 | In recent years, the World Bank has vigorously promoted privatization policy in many countries, aiming at lessening government deficit, improving efficiency for state-owned enterprises (SOEs), reducing external debts, and eradicating corruption. Indonesia began to liberalize its economy in the late 1980s, and one of its primary reform policies was privatization. After the 1997 Asian financial crisis, the World Bank has urged Indonesia to privatize its SOEs to receive conditional loans. Although Indonesia has set privatization goals in its Letter of Intent to the IMF, the privatization results have not been impressive. Several reasons can explain why Indonesia fails to implement privatization. For example, the lack of coordination within executive branch and the interference from powerful legislature have weakened the government's capability to conduct reform. Moreover, local governments' predatory behaviors after decentralization, the opposition of SOE workers, and the protests from societal groups such as student and religious organizations, all contribute to the delay of privatization. In addition, Indonesia's historical and cultural factors also affect the public sector reform. Finally, rampant corruption and the lack of law enforcement to ensure investors' property rights have negative impacts on the future of privatization. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。