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題 名 | 社會福利「公設民營」制度之回溯與前瞻--以臺北市政府為例=Contracting-Out of Statutory Welfare Agencies: The Taipei City Experience |
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作 者 | 劉淑瓊; | 書刊名 | 國立臺灣大學社會學刊 |
卷 期 | 26 1998.06[民87.06] |
頁 次 | 頁211+213-279 |
分類號 | 548.2 |
關鍵詞 | 社會福利民營化; 公設民營; 過度委託; 供應者政治; Social welfare privatization; Contracting-out of statutory agencies; Over contracting-out; Provider politics; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 「公設民營」制度是台灣現階段在社會福利民營化的理念之下,蓬勃發展的福利服務供應方式,在可預見的未來將成為個人社會服務在經費預算與服務輸送上的主流。本文試圖將影響「公設民營」制度決策與發展的歷史結構因素,與當前台北市政府社會局在實務運作上所面臨的問題相聯結,以期從其中找出更切題的對策建議。經由檔案研究法與深度訪談之資料蒐集,本文之主要結論為:台灣的社會福利民營化政策雖相當程度肇因於一九八○年代英美福利先進國家保守主義意識型態,與中央執政黨財經主導的福利主張同調合拍所產生的擴散效應,但從本文的分析中顯見二者的社會經濟背景有極大之差異。台灣的社會福利民營化具體行動,事實上是出現在社會福利預算暴增時期,在中央它被用以化解社政部門經費與員額規模不相稱的行政矛盾,藉資源均霑緩和民間社福團體對抗情勢,以紓解政治與行政壓力;在台北市則大量購買土地房舍以消化突來的資源,一則即刻對民間社福團體交代,再則宣示以「公設民營」為規劃方向,讓企圖心旺盛的民間社福團體有所期待,藉以減緩來自民間的抗爭。在行政上,兩黨福利理念雖有所差異,但從本文探討中則可看出台北市先後兩個政黨執政期間在「公設民營」機構的設置上,都出現「缺乏規劃的成長」問題,新市府更因過度委託陷入管理上的困境--(1) 硬體設施不理想,(2) 過度外包與過度委託,(3) 民間社福機構團體連鎖化發展,(4) 契約互惠性與補助合理性爭議,(5) 對機構服務品質缺乏掌握,(6) 公設民營深化社會福利的政治性格,再次凸顯台灣社會福利的規劃與執行易受財政考量、公共行政及政治因素滲入的宿命。本文建議政府在公設民營機構的設立上應審慎緩進,並同時發展多元的福利服務輸送管道,以產出管理取代目前的低度管理與形式監督。 |
英文摘要 | "Contracting-out of Statutory Agencies" (COSA) is the primary method for the social services delivery under social welfare privatization policy in Taipei City, which will be the mainstream in the near future. The purpose of this article is to analyze the historical structural factors which shaped the "COSA" system, to connect them with the problems faced by Local Authority, and then to provide some to-the-point policy recommendatoin. It is concluded that the privatization of social welfare in Taiwan is basically the diffusion result of Conservative ideology of UK and USA in the 1980s. Although the Ruling Party (KMT) holds similar ideological ground along this line, the socio-economic background in Taiwan is quite different. The emergence and substantial growth of privatization programs in Taiwan happened during the period of suddenly increase of welfare budget. Both Central and Local Government tried to exchange political support with militant voluntary social welfare groups via "COSA". "Unplanned growth" has been the common administrative problem of both KMT and DPP Government. "Over-contracting" has made the situation worse than ever, and again reflects the subordinatory fate of social welfare in Taiwan. The author suggests the Local Authority to reevaluate "COSA"strategy, and to develop multi-system of service delivery. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。