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題名 | 飛灰固化物掩埋場中鉛與鉻滲漏之健康風險評估=The Health Risk Assessment for Pb and Cr Leachated From Fly-Ash Monolithic Landfill |
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作者 | 吳聲燿; 於幼華; 馬鴻文; 陳彥全; | 書刊名 | 國立臺灣大學工程學刊 |
卷期 | 96 2007.05[民96.05] |
頁次 | 頁59-72 |
專輯 | 環境工程專輯 |
分類號 | 445.545 |
關鍵詞 | 飛灰固化物; 衛生掩埋; 健康風險評估; 不確定性; Fly-ash monolith; Sanitary landfill; Human health risk assessment; Uncertainty; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 焚化後所產生的有毒飛灰,已成為廢棄物管理重要的挑戰,其中將飛灰進行固化後掩埋是一主要的安定化方式,以物理匣限方法限制其被 雨水溶出。然而掩埋作業不慎造成固化物粉碎、不透水布鋪設品質不佳,或用地取得困難而超限掩埋等因素,可能造成之嚴重地下水污染問題 ,屢見不鮮。本研究以健康風險方法,來評估飛灰固化物中兩種重金屬物質鉛與鉻,自掩埋場底層滲漏,進而造成地下水污染後,對人體所造 成的健康危害,並選擇五種掩埋結構情境,兩種重金屬溶出方式,以HELP模式搭配MMSOILS模式,模擬污染物位在400格網格點上的風險分布 情形,最後考慮不確定性分析的影響,以全盤了解飛灰固化掩埋後,可能造成人體的健康風險。研究結果顯示,鉛與鉻最主要的暴露途徑與風 險貢獻量,皆來自直接飲用地下水,佔總風險98%以上。若以地下水作為飲用水時,鉛平均僅有14.25%的地區符合飲用水法規濃度,鉻有96.5 %以上的地區地下水濃度是在法規範圍內,顯示重金屬鉛的危害性遠大於鉻。未考慮參數的不確定性時,衛生掩埋的鉛致癌風險約4.23E-07, 非致癌風險0.63,屬安全範圍內,但考慮參數所造成之不確定性時,鉛於衛生掩埋的非致癌風險則增加為1.43,證明有無考慮不確定性可能對 結果產生明顯的影響。 |
英文摘要 | As of 2004, nearly 200 thousand tons of fly ash monolith are created by Portland cement each year in Taiwan. The main purpose is to confine heavy metals to reduce the quantity leachated by precipitation. However, due to abnormal monolith fracture and poorly liner quality or exceeding usage than designed landfill capacity, serious groundwater pollution has been observed. Therefore, this research focused on Pb and Cr leachated from monolithic landfill to assess the risk of groundwater pollution in the vicinity. The methodology combined water budget simulations using HELP model with fate and risk simulations using MMSOILs model for 5 kinds of landfill structures and 2 types of leaching models, and calculated the risk distribution over 400 grids in the down gradient direction of groundwater. The results demonstrated that the worst liner quality will cause the largest leaching, but with the best quality liner the least leaching will be generated. The most significant exposure pathway is groundwater intake, which accounted for 98% of the total risk. Comparing Pb and Cr concentrations in the groundwater with the drinking water standards, only 14.25% of the total grids were found to be under 0.05mg/L of Pb, and over 96.5% of the total grids were in the safety range of Cr. The results indicated that we should pay greater attention to Pb leaching from fly ash monolithic landfills. Without consideration of the parameters uncertainty, the cancer and non-cancer risk of Pb with the sanitary landfill method was 4.23E-07 and 0.63, respectively, both under acceptable levels. However, by considering the parameters uncertainty, the non-carcinogenic risk of Pb became 1.43, exceeding the acceptable level. Only under closed landfill method was the HQ below 1. The reason may be due to that there was high variability in the Pb concentration in the fly-ash monolith. |
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