頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 五○年代毛澤東對臺灣問題的思考與轉變=Changes in Mao Tse-tung's Thinking towards the Taiwan Issue in the 1950's |
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作 者 | 齊茂吉; | 書刊名 | 兩岸發展史研究 |
卷 期 | 1 民95.08 |
頁 次 | 頁105-135 |
專 輯 | 臺灣社會經濟史專號 |
分類號 | 573.07 |
關鍵詞 | 毛澤東; 蔣介石; 周恩來; 密使; 絞索政策; Mao Tse-tung; Chiang Kai-shek; Zhou En-lai; Secret messenger; Hanging policy; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 1949年初,毛澤東已經注意到美國因素在臺灣問題中的複雜性。當解放軍正積極建立空軍、海軍及傘兵,準備攻佔臺灣之際,1950年6月間韓戰爆發。美國總統杜魯門下令第七艦隊協防臺灣,以對抗解放軍的入侵。無可置疑的,客觀形勢的演變已構成毛澤東武力解放臺灣的障礙。尤其是毛澤東決定派兵介入韓戰後,不得不擱置攻臺計畫。 韓戰停火後,毛澤東顯然不願意再與美國發生一場大規模的軍事衝突。有鑑於此,臺海一次危機期間,毛澤東極力避免激起美國的軍事干涉。臺海二次危機期間,毛澤東更加小心謹慎,並且親自指揮這場戰役。此一期間,美國因素始終是毛澤東決策的關鍵。 當美國與蔣中正因金、馬撤軍問題產生爭執時,毛澤東審時度勢,改絃更張,決定放棄逼使國軍自金、馬撤軍的原訂計劃,採取讓金、馬留在蔣中正的新構想。一來擴大美、蔣矛盾,二來利用金、馬拖住美國,讓美國無法脫身。毛澤東稱之為「絞索政策」。此一期間,毛澤東、蔣中正也經由密使傳遞訊息。最後,臺海二次危機乃告平息。 臺海兩次危機期間,毛澤東處理臺灣問題時,一旦涉及對美關係,他總是小心翼翼,步步為營。毛澤東始終乾綱獨斷,至於周恩來只是執行毛澤東的政策而已。 |
英文摘要 | In the early 1949, Mao Tse-tung took notice of the complexity of the United States factor in the Taiwan issue. While the People's Literation Army (PLA) was seriously preparing to establish an air force, navy and parachute troops in order to serize Taiwan, the Korean War broke out in June of 1950. Harry Truman, the President of the United States, ordered the Seventh Fleet to defend Taiwan against any PLA invasion. Undoubtedly, this circumstance obstructed Mao's plan to liberate Taiwan by force. The plan to invade Taiwan was further postponed at the time when Mao decided to take military intervention in the Korean War. After the conclusion of the Korean War, Mao obviously did not intend to engage in a massive military conflict with U.S. once again. Hence, during the first Taiwan Straits crisis, Mao tried his best to prevent anything that would cause U.S. military involvement. During the second Taiwan Straits crisis, Mao was more cautious than ever and was commanding the campaign personally. In that period of time, the U.S. factor always played a critical role in Mao's decision-making. Because of the dispute between U.S. and Chiang Kai-shek over the withdrawal of armed forces from Quemoy and Matsu, Mao was inspired to make use of the conflict between them. Mao made one important decision to give up the original plan in order to force the Nationalist army to withdraw from Quemoy and Matsu. Then he proposed the new idea to let CKS keep Quemoy and Matsu. This served two purposes at the same time. First, it would assist to extend the disagreement between U.S. and CKS. Second, U.S. would be trapped in the struggle of Nationalist defense of Quemoy and Matsu. Mao said that was “Hanging Policy”. Over that period, Mao and CKS were exchanging messages via secret messenger. The second Taiwan Straits crisis finally came to an end. During these two Taiwan Straits crises, Mao always took extra precautions against U.S. Mao was the sole decision-maker, while Zhou En-lai was just executing Mao's policy. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。