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題 名 | 國際制度在國際霸權競逐的權力作用=The Power Effects of the International Institution in the Process of International Hegemonic Competition |
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作 者 | 陳欣之; | 書刊名 | 政治學報 |
卷 期 | 40 民95.06 |
頁 次 | 頁115-148 |
分類號 | 578.1 |
關鍵詞 | 國際制度; 路徑依存; 議程控制; 權力; 霸權; Agenda control; Hegemony; International institution; Path-dependence; Power; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 國際關係十分重視權力對國家行為的作用,不過各種國際關係理論,對於權力的定義、本質及運用方式,並沒有提出令人滿意的解釋。大部份的國際關係論述,仍然以掌握資源的多寡,作為衡量權力大小的指標,忽視宰制國家決策環境及決策選項的其他種類權力面貌。權力雖是國際關係的一個重要概念,不過國際關係對於此種概念的各種運作方式及內涵,並沒有深入的探索。 霸權對國際制度的創設,有重大的影響,不過霸權對於國際制度的操縱,以及霸權運用國際制度應對新興挑戰國的各種可能作為,值得更多的探索。國際制度內由於霸權的存在,呈現出國家間權力不對稱的現象,而且霸權經由創設國際制度,滿足與實現其利益,並鞏固其優勢的霸權地位。最後,霸權推動國際制度與促進國際合作時,透過限制決策背景與選項,削弱其他國家與霸權較勁的可能。 尋求國際合作的過程中,霸權利用對議題的控制,以及限制其他國家決策選項的方式,展示霸權所擁有的權力,迫使其他國家處於不利的決策地位,進而達成符合霸權最大利益的國際合作運作模式。故而國際制度的運作中,存在著贏家(winner)與輸家(loser),而且隨著國際制度的運作,不斷強化贏者的地位,提昇輸家退出此種制度尋求其他解脫的成本,迫使弱者繼續在不利於本國利益的國際制度中,陷入兩害相權取其輕的決策困境。 中共與美國的霸權競爭態勢,已成為近年來最熱門的國際關係課題,中共的權力地位或許十分驚人,不過在世界貿易組織中的表現卻處處受限,中共取代美國,主導全球主要國際制度的地位,顯然有一大段的距離,無論如何,中共仍會與美國在國際制度內,上演公權力爭奪的老戲。 |
英文摘要 | Power has been an important factor in deciding the state’s behavior in the international system; however, the International Relations Theories did not propose satisfied explanations on the issue of the definition, nature and the exercise of power. Most of the international relations theories insist that the measuring index of power is the amount of capabilities. They ignore the other power faces which demonstrate by means of dominating the decision-making environment the decision agenda. Hegemony has great influence on the establishment of international institution, and the ways how hegemony manipulates the international institution deserve more attentions. There is power asymmetry in the international institution because of the existence of hegemony. Besides, hegemony exercised her power and fulfilled her interests through the function of the international institution, which consolidate further her predominant position in the international system. In the process of international cooperation, hegemony limited the possible choices in the rational choice bargaining, which demonstrate the hegemony’s power in the international institution and achieve a certain kind of international cooperation in which the hegemony becomes beneficent and the other countries were forces to accept an unfavorable terms. So, there are winner and losers in the international institution. The winner becomes powerful and the losers are trapped in a dilemma between the high cost to quit the international institution and the unfavorable position in such international institution. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。