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題名 | 明代世醫與府州縣醫學=Lineages of Doctors and Local Medical Institutions in the Ming Dynasty |
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作者 | 邱仲麟; Ch'iu, Chung-lin; |
期刊 | 漢學研究 |
出版日期 | 20041200 |
卷期 | 22:2=45 民93.12 |
頁次 | 頁327-359 |
分類號 | 410.092 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 明代; 醫戶; 世醫; 醫療機構; 捐納制度; Ming dynasty; Medical household; Lineages of doctor; Local medical institution; Official rank selling system; |
中文摘要 | 明代沿襲元代,在各地設有醫學。醫學的醫官,主要來自醫戶。而這些醫戶,均係世代為醫的家庭。值得注意的是,明代各地雖存在為數不等的醫戶,但在一些地方,醫官的職缺常由特定幾姓輪任或單一家族世襲。就考察所得,醫官世襲的例子,在安徽、江西兩地最多,其他如直隸、浙江、湖廣、福建、廣東、貴州等地亦有不少例證。然而,自十五世紀中葉以後,由於醫官職缺可以用繳納物資或金錢的方式取得,原本世襲或輪任醫職的世醫,漸漸喪失既有的制度保障,難再有累代接任的優渥機會,從而也影響到這些世醫 (特別是在江南以外的地方性小世醫) 在地方上的發展。 |
英文摘要 | During the Ming dynasty, official institutions of medical learning were established throughout the country following the system used in the Yuan dynasty. Medical officers 醫官 for these institutions came mainly from medical households 醫戶 ─ a kind of professional household in which there was a long lineage of doctors. Itis interesting to note that the position of medical officer usually went to members of certain families. According to our research, this phenomenon occurred most frequently in Anhui and Jiansi, but there are also many cases seen in Zhili, Zhejiang, Huang, Fukien, Guangdong and Guizhow. Beginning in the middle of the 15th century, though, the position of medical officer could be obtained by making payments of grain or money to the government. As a result, the privileged position of certain families (especially minor families at the local level) was gradually lost and their development was arrested. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。