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題 名 | 身體時氣感與漢魏「抒情」詩--漢魏文學與楚辭、月令的關係=Body, Seasons, and Lyrics: The Relationship between Han and Wei Dynasty Literature, the Songs of Chu, and Yue-ling |
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作 者 | 鄭毓瑜; | 書刊名 | 漢學研究 |
卷 期 | 22:2=45 2004.12[民93.12] |
頁 次 | 頁1-34 |
分類號 | 820.902 |
關鍵詞 | 身體; 節氣感; 月令; 楚辭; 漢魏抒情詩; Body; Seasons; Yue-ling; Songs of Chu; Han and Wei dynasty lyrical poetry; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文的討論將牽涉三個層面,一是針對〈月令〉系統在「類應」原則下如何形成一組組的時物體系,與如何形成天人一體的氣態感知加以探討;其次,由相應於時氣推移所形成的身體感,明顯與《楚辭》有所關連,討論「身體節 (時) 氣感」如何由〈月令〉系統及屈原、宋玉的作品得到進一步發展;第三個層面則是由漢魏詩文與〈月令〉、《楚辭》的交互詮釋,希望為中國抒情傳統定型初期的「自然環境」,提出一種奠基於「氣氛狀態」的論述面向。 如果說〈月令〉體系的時節知識,使魏晉文人可以透過已經連類的相關節物中被提醒到時空的轉換,同時自然而然處身在一個人、物一體流轉、陰陽相應的氣場之中;而《楚辭》則是特別在「悲秋」系列細密化人身與時氣的應和互動,強調受到節氣風物的擺弄侵擾乃至於隨著各方氣息流轉而於邑纏結、惕動震盪的身體,兩者可以說一起開展也深化了漢魏的「感 (時、節) 物」文學。本文的結論是漢魏時人透過文學表現出的「被擾動而不安寧的身體」,以及「風物間氣息流動與對應所形成的氣氛關係場」,與自《夏小正》以來所形成的時氣物候系統或所謂氣化宇宙觀有著密切的相依相成的發展關係;同時這樣結合時(秋)節與體氣的觀感,也的確形塑了當時一種超越物我內外、見不見的物質能見度的整體環境「氣氛」,可以視為中國物候曆下發展出的一種獨特的 (大) 自然觀。 |
英文摘要 | There are three levels of discussion in this essay. The first looks at how, under the rubric of correspondence, the Yue-ling (月令, phenology of the months) develops a system of seasons and their related imagery and how perceptions of the seasons result as a function of the underlying unity of man and the heavens. The second discusses how the works of Qu Yuan 屈原 and Song Yu 宋玉 build on the notion of corporeal perception vis-à-vis the seasons in the Yue-ling. The third level looks at the interpretational interaction of the Yue-ling and Songs of Chu 楚辭 with the literature of the Han and Wei dynasties in the hopes of putting forth a discourse involving “atmosphere” through which to see the concept of “natural environment” during the early formative stages of the Chinese lyrical tradition. If we can say both a) that through the knowledge of the seasons contained in the Yue-ling, the appearance of certain objects or sights related to particular seasons made Wei and Jin dynasty literati aware of their passage though space and time as well as their being a part of a natural order where man and objects are one and yin and yang work in concert, and b) that the Songs of Chu, by detailing correspondences in the body with the seasons, particularly in terms of “autumn sorrow,” emphasize the ability of seasonal objects to affect the body to the point of creating perceptions of melancholy or fright, then it can be said that these two works, taken together, developed and deepened the perception of the seasons, time and nature in the literature of the Han and Wei dynasties. This essay conc1udes that literary expressions of motifs of “bodily disturbance and instability” and “atmospherical relations brought about by the flow of qi through objects and their correspondences” by the literati of those times were closely related in their development to the system of seasons and objects, the so-called qi-based cosmology, developed in and subsequent to the Xiaxiaozheng 夏小正. At the same time, the union of the seasons (full) with the body’s qi created a unique view of nature involving the notion of atmosphere as an integrated environment that transcended divisions between nature and man and the visible and invisible. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。