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題名 | 由墓誌銘看二程對婦女的書寫=Ch'eng Brothers' View of Women, with Special Focus on Three Women's Epitaphs |
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作 者 | 邱佳慧; | 書刊名 | 東吳歷史學報 |
卷期 | 12 2004.12[民93.12] |
頁次 | 頁249-277 |
分類號 | 544.5 |
關鍵詞 | 墓誌銘; 二程; 婦女; 道學家; Tao-hsueh scholars; Ch'eng brothers; Women; Epitaphs; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 道學家(理學家)撰寫的婦女墓誌銘與傳記,其內容與一般人對宋代道學的刻版印象似有不同,而其中尤以二程所書〈澶娘墓誌銘〉、〈孝女程氏墓誌〉與〈上谷郡君家傳〉最為突出。此三篇文獻所描繪的女性形象,或女性在家庭中扮演的角色,可窺見宋代婦女對生活的自主性與婚姻的選擇權,甚至是追求道義的可能性。 二程所求的是建構一個和諧場域,在此場域中男女各司其職,他們也認同不同的道德修養方式,不分性別與年齡,凡有志者均可求道。因此對他們而言,女性也如同男子一般,被授予族輩間之行第,行第的排序,象徵著女子亦擔負著家族成員的責任與使命。家庭內工作的份際,原則上雖維持「男主外、女主內」,然而,二程能認同女性擁有某種程度的自由,甚至再行嫁娶之事。在婚姻選擇上,值得注意的是,女性審慎挑選對象的原因,不再只為保住個人貞節完善,對自我生命的要求,才是考慮的第一要務。 本文由二程的角度,闡發他們對婦女課題的關懷,並未駁斥宋代道學對女性強烈的道德規範,抑未反對社會長久以來,以男性為主體的觀點,而僅冀望提供一個新的視角,觀察二程對婦女的深刻期待。 |
英文摘要 | Women’s tomb inscriptions and descriptions of deed written by Neo-Cpnfucians are different from general impression. Among them, three pieces (two tomb inscriptions and a biography), “the Tomb Inscription of Ch’an,” “the Tomb Inscription of Filial Nee Ch’eng,” and “Biography of Mrs. Ch’eng of Shang-ku Chun,” by Ch’eng Brothers are worth special attention. We could comprehend women in the Sung dynasty have the sovereignty of lives, the selectivity of marriage, even the possibility of search Tao-hsueh by these three epitaphs describing women’s image or women’s roles in the families. Ch’eng brothers pursued to build a harmonious place. Everyone must charge his/her responsibility in a harmonious place. Ch’eng Brothers comprehend the moral accomplishment carried out but by different ways, whatever he or she (sexual distinction), everyone could pursue Tao. For the reason they consider women would get the linage orders in the families just like men. In the sense of principle, the assignment of jobs in the families still maintain the situation— 「men hold the affairs in the society, and women hold the affairs in the family」. (男主外、女主內) Besides, they could comprehend women maintain some kinds of freedom including the second marriage. To choose and decide women’s marriage is not only to keep personal virginity, but also to cultivate the life of herself noticeably. This essay focuses the subjects of women of the view of the Ch’eng Brothers. Tao-hsueh scholars concern the aspects of women by their descriptions. We would not denounce Tao-hsueh scholars’ strong moralization on controlling women in Sung. We would not oppose the view that men play more important roles than women in the society for a long time neither. This essay just provides one new view to observe the deep expectations on women of Ch’eng Brothers. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。