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題名 | 唐代婦女家庭角色的幾個重要時段﹣﹣以墓誌銘為例 |
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作 者 | 毛漢光; | 書刊名 | 國家科學委員會研究彙刊. 人文及社會科學 |
卷期 | 1:2 1991.07[民80.07] |
頁次 | 頁186-195 |
分類號 | 544.52 |
關鍵詞 | 角色; 唐; 家庭; 婦女; 墓誌銘; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文資料出自三千五百餘張唐代墓誌銘。據統計、推算結果,唐代婦女平均出嫁 年為 15.6,這是在室與結褵的界限;在 32.9 年時婆卒而主家; 在 49.3 年夫卒而寡居; 婦女平均壽命為 55.7 年。 如將全唐分為三期,每期約百年,則初唐婦女壽命為 62.1,中 唐為 53.1,晚唐為 48.6,除主家期提早外,其他各期之長短變化不大。唐代婦女在室時期 是其今後家庭生活之養成階段,早婚使婦女早日進入夫家,使其調適新環境的時刻提前,可 塑性增加,減少因娘家、夫家之間差異所引起的不適,但亦因此使婦女早日步入新家,擔負 角色責任。結褵以後,婦女的角色比在室突然增加很多,以家庭、或家族而言,他是主家的 接班人、見習生,婆卒後又成為主家者,夫卒後更成為最重要的尊長者。各個時段的責任逐 漸增加,與其角色之功能加重同步,他在家庭、或家族中的地位也隨之增高。每一重要時段 除最後寡居時段外,皆有一、二十年時間,因此婦女在角色適應、調整、乃至於學習上,大 致是緩和的、漸進的。 |
英文摘要 | Dates available from 3,500 T'ang dynasty tombs reveal the lifespan of women and the ages at which they assumed different roles within the family. In terms of mortality. Women lived on average to the age of 55.7. However, if we divide the T'ang dynasty into three periods of a century each, the average lifespan for women was 62.1 in the first century, 53.1 in the second, and 48.6 in the third. In terms of the roles of T'ang dynasty women, marriage marked the temporal and spatial divide between a woman's life in her natal home and that of her husband. On average. a woman entered into the husband's home as a wife at 15.6, was 32.9 when the motherin-law died and she became female family head, and was 49.3 when widowed and she became the sole family head. Except for an earlier age for becoming female family head in the last century, the ages at which womenassumed their various roles remained about the same across the three centuries. The above dates suggest some conclusions about the family and women in the T'ang dynasty. A woman was raised in her natal home. Her early marriage meant, however, that she entered the new environment of her hushand's home when still quite young, and therefore more mallable. While this increased her ability to adjust to her new family, it also meant that she had to suddenly assume her new role and its increased responsibilities in a new family and at a young age. Also, T'ang dynasty women were trained in their husband's family and clan to first succeed their mother-in-law as female family head, and then their husband as family head, with a woman's status within the family rising with succession to each new role. Except for the final phase as a widow, a woman served in each of her roles from 10 to 20 years. Her training for these roles should have been gradual, and the transitions to them smooth. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。