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題名 | 從敬老福利生活津貼看「社會促進」制度=The Research of "Social Promotion" from "Senior Citizens' Subsidies for Living" |
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作者 | 鍾秉正; | 書刊名 | 玄奘法律學報 |
卷期 | 1 2004.06[民93.06] |
頁次 | 頁1-29 |
分類號 | 544.84 |
關鍵詞 | 敬老福利生活津貼; 社會促進; 社會福利; 老人年金; Social promotion; Senior citizens' subsidies for living; Social welfare; Senior citizens' pension; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 「社會促進」制度乃社會福利法制之一環,其給付理念則有別於傳統觀念上的社會保險以及社會救助,而是為了落實憲法上若干「社會政策方針」,使國民得以分享社會整體之成果,進而達到個體發展「機會均等(Chancengleichheit) 」之目的。此一體制在德國已經有長期發展的經驗,其成果從社會給付的層面來看,則可大略分成兒童津貼(Kindergeld )、青少年扶助(Kinder- und Jugendhilfe )、教育促進(Ausbildungsforderung )、住屋津貼(Wohngeld)以及殘障者福利 ( Rehabilitation und Teilhabe behinderter Menschen)等項目。這些給付措施的特性既不像社會預護與社會補償以「損失補償」為目的,也不像社會扶助必須以受救助者的「需求性調查」為前提。另外,社會促進在實施對象上也不同於其他社會福利制度,其基本上是一種「普遍性」的單方福利措施。至於其所需財源上則是以稅收為主,由政府逐年編列預算來補助。 類似前述幾種社會促進措施,以往在我國較常以「福利服務」的方式來實現。換言之,政府多半是以「提供諮詢」、「設置機構」、「租稅減免」等勞務給付或實物給付的方式來進行,其給付型態乃為「抽象性的」。相對而言,由政府提供「具體性的」津貼則僅見於綜合性社會保險中的若干給付項目,還有就是基於「特別權力關係」所形成的照顧措施。然而,隨著我國醫療保險的「全民化」,再加上國民福利意識的抬頭,有關社會福利的「新趨勢」即隨著選舉活動而成為議題。其中尤其以「老人年金」最受注目,也是最早擁有全國性規範依據的社會促進措施。本篇即以「敬老生活津貼」之規範為重心,旁及各項相關措施,以期為此新興福利制度定位。從而導引讀者自社會法的學理觀點來審析該制度,避免流於「變相買票」等政治性語彙之浮面。 |
英文摘要 | welfares system in terms of its targeted object. Basically, it is a“general” unilateral welfare measure. Its tinancial resource came from taxes. The assistances were funded by annual government budgets. Measures similar to the aforementioned social promotion used to be carried out in this country by ways of“welfareservices”. In other words, the government conducted the social promotion by ways of“providing inquiries service”,“establishing institutions”,“tax exemptions,” etc. The payments were made by either service labors or materials in an“abstract” form. Conversely, a “concrete” subsidy provided by govemment can be seen only in certain payment items in general social insurance, or in care measures provided in a“specialpower relations”. However, as the health insurance program is“popularizing," and the citizens' sense of welfare is rising, the“new trend” about social welfares is bound to become campaigns issues in the earliest measure of social promotion to have a nationwide legal basis. This article concentrates on the norms regarding “senior citizens’ subsidies for living” and relevant measures. The author attempts to define this new welfare system, and to guide the readers evaluating this system from the viewpoint of social law’s jurisprudence, so as to avoid mislabeling this system with superficial political phrases such as “ballot briberies”. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。