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題 名 | 從生命科學發展史看生物學與生物技術=Biology and Biotechnology from the Perspective of History of Life Sciences |
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作 者 | 陳恒安; | 書刊名 | 南華通識教育研究 |
卷 期 | 1 2004.03[民93.03] |
頁 次 | 頁81-94 |
分類號 | 360 |
關鍵詞 | 生命科學發展史; 生物學; 生物科技; 生物學與文化; History of life sciences; Biology; Biotechnology; Biology and culture; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 以生命科學發展史的角度來看,生命科學一直同時具有實用與理論的色彩。「生物學」這個字眼的出現,標示著十九世紀的科際整合。有關生命現象的知識的整合,雖然改變了相關的知識地圖,但是人類面對諸多知識時的基本態度並不因為科技整合旗幟的升起而改變。從農業、醫學乃至實驗胚胎學發展的例子可以發現,人類企圖掌控物質力量的願望一直沒變。人類的生活也因此獲得長足的改善。另一方面,大眾對於新科技的反應在歷史中也一再出現同樣的模式:從審慎驚懼到麻痺。例如,從胚胎學家威廉.魯(Wilhelm Roux)對新研究領域與技術的審慎態度,乃至於諾貝爾獎對漢斯.斯佩曼(Hans Spemann)實驗的讚揚,一直到人們對桃莉羊的懷疑或對生物科技光明前途的期待,在在顯示人類對知識的基本態度。本文嘗試從歷史實例中呈現生命科學這種實用與理論的二元本質,以避免因新科技的閃爍外衣而忽略了生命科學與生物技術長久以來沒有改變的基本性質。 |
英文摘要 | Life sciences in a wider sense contain two fundamental parts, i.e. theoretical thinking and practical applying or controlling. The term “biology” has been introduced in the 19th century as a means of encompassing the growing number of disciplines involved with the study of living forms. Disciplines integration changed the landscape of biological knowledge, but the two basic characters remain. Scientists such as agriculturists, physicians and experimental embryologists tried to control the material part of nature for making progress of living conditions. Theorizing and controlling are not new. Yet researchers and public response to new knowledge and technology seem to appear as a cycle: people fret about, shudder and then accept without critical thinking as the new thing became routine. For example, Wilhelm Roux’s had a cautious attitude to his embryological experiments, but Nobel Prize honored Hans Spaemann’s transplantation works. What we can learn from examining these issues historically? I think we should try and will outline briefly the unchanged fundamental characters of life sciences even the rapid development of biotechnology. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。