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題名 | Genetic Divergence Among Natural Populations of Alstroemeria Aurea D. Don: A Dominant Clonal Herb of the Understory in Subalpine Nothofagus Forests=Alstroemeria aurea D. Don 在自然族群中基因的分歧:在次高山下層的山毛櫸森林中的一種優勢且無性繁殖草本植物 |
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作者 | Souto,Cintia P.; Premoli,A. C.; | 書刊名 | Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica |
卷期 | 44:4 2003.10[民92.10] |
頁次 | 頁329-336 |
分類號 | 377.02 |
關鍵詞 | 阿爾氏科; 異型酵素電泳; 基因流動; 基因結構; 發芽; 巴塔哥尼亞; 種子; Alstroemeriaceae; Allozyme electrophoresis; Gene flow; Genetic structure; Germination; Patagonia; Seeds; |
語文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | Alstroemeria aureo 是一種多年生草本植物有著以地下莖的生長,昆蟲授粉和彈出的種子散布進行繁殖,在南安地斯山脈中可以棲息在不同環境之下。我們假設不同的選擇壓力共同作用限制了 A. aurea族群間的基因交流,以致於導致基因明顯分歧的族群; 並對此假設之正確性加以評估。研究的地點位於納威瓦皮國家公園 (41[]8'S,71[]19W) 在兩個山區和兩種不同高度: 即 Chall Huaco 谷地,為一原始地方,海拔1,250 和 1,100 米分別有著族群分佈 ,和 Cerro Otto 為一已開發的地方 ,1,250 和 950 米處分別地有著族群分佈。在這四個族群中從20個 ,l × 1 米小塊地收集種子 o 這些種子要算出總數,重量和經過冷和潮濕的四個月的發芽率。在同一山區和不同山區的種子性狀差異,由必 ANOVA 來評估。我們使用 30 株的植株經由異型酵素電泳,找到每種族群的基因特性和估算其基因的變化和不同。種子性狀可以顯示不同高度的反應和位置的狀況。種子的總數是以低海拔的族群較多即使含有較高數目的未發育的種子。在較高海拔的族群種子產量的減少可能原因的是在較高的海拔有較短的生長季節。此外,在 Otto 地區種子的重量 , 發芽率和早期營養生長之擴散顯著地較高,可能的原因為其選擇性的策略到已開發的地方且有物理 情況的幫助下去繁殖。這些不同採樣點之間的差異有異型酵素的資料支持。在 Otto 和 Chall Huaco之間 , 因高度基因不同和低基因流動已被估計出; 然而在每一座山區族群的不同 , 視地方不同的特性而定。 在Otto這已開發的地方有較高基因流動。我們的結果顯示,有限的花粉和種子擴散加上不同棲息地之選擇壓力,也許會在 A. aurea的族群產生基因的差別。 |
英文摘要 | Alstroemeria aurea is a perennial herb with clonal rhizomatous growth, insect pollination, and ballistic seed dispersal that inhabits a range of different environments in the southern Andes. We evaluated the hypothesis that differential selective pressures act together with restricted among-population gene flow result in genetically divergent populations of A. aurea. Study sites were located within Nahuel Huapi National Park (41°8'S, 71°19'W) at two mountain ranges and two different elevations. These were Chall Huaco Valley, a pristine site, with populations at 1,250 and 1,100 m, respectively, and Cerro Otto, a disturbed site, with populations at 1,250 and 950 m, respectively. Seeds at each of the four populations were harvested from 20, 1 x 1 m plots. These seeds were counted, weighed, and germinated after a cold and humid stratification for 4 months. Within- and between-mountain ranges differences in seed traits were evaluated by ANOVA. We genetically characterized 30 plants of each population by allozyme electrophoresis and estimated levels of genetic variation and divergence. Seed traits showed different responses to elevation and site conditions. Total number of seeds was greater at low-elevation populations even though they had a higher number of undeveloped seeds. Reduced seed yield at high-elevation populations may result from a short growing season at higher altitudes. Additionally, seed weight, germination rates, and early vegetative spread were significantly greater at Otto, which may suggest a selective strategy to colonize disturbed sites under favorable physical conditions. These between-site differences were supported by allozyme data. High genetic divergence, and thus low gene flow, was estimated among Otto and Chall Huaco whereas within each mountain range among-population divergence depended upon site characteristics. Higher gene flow rates were found in the disturbed site Otto. Our results indicate that restricted pollen and seed dispersal, together with selective forces acting in different habitats, may produce genetic differentiation in populations of A. aurea. |
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