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題 名 | 潮間帶螺類之螺殼形態對其熱收支的影響=Effects of the Shell Morphology to the Heat Budget of an Intertidal Snail (Batillaria zonalis) |
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作 者 | 高裕群; 張文亮; | 書刊名 | 農業工程學報 |
卷 期 | 49:2 2003.06[民92.06] |
頁 次 | 頁35-45 |
分類號 | 386.794 |
關鍵詞 | 燒酒海蜷; 川蜷; 表面反照率; 紐塞爾數; 雷諾數; Batillaria zonalis; Semisulcospira libertina; Surface reflectivity; Nusselt number; Reynolds number; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 螺殼形態對其熱收支的影響可以表面反照率以及紐塞爾數(Nusselt number) 與雷諾數(Reynolds number)的關係量化;本研究中量化並比較了潮間帶的燒酒海蜷與另一種淡水螺川蜷之螺殼形態對其熱收支的影響。燒酒海蜷的螺殼顏色較暗,但在螺殼上的白色橫帶及粗糙螺殼表面影響下,平均表面反照率仍高達22.4%,優於整體顏色較淡,平均表面反照率為12.0%的川蜷。由於迎風方向的不同,燒酒海蜷紐塞爾數與雷諾數的關係可以表為三種形式;在殼口、殼頂及側面迎風的狀況下,紐塞爾數與雷諾數的關係分別為: Nu = 0.34Re□, R²=0.79 Nu = 0.64Re□, R²=0.79 Nu = 0.49Re□, R²=0.77 而川蜷在在殼口、殼頂及側面迎風的狀況下,紐塞爾數與雷諾數的關係分別為: Nu=0.25Re□, R²=0.77 Nu=0.46Re□, R²=0.62 Nu=0.18Re□, R²=0.78 此結果顯示燒酒海蜷有很強的對流散熱能力,這是因為其螺殼上許多與橫肋交錯瘤狀縱肋,造成副流而增加了熱交換的機會所致。比較川蜷及其他小型變溫動物的對流散熱能力,顯示表面光滑且尺寸相近的動物,形狀差異並不會使對流散熱能力產生顯著的不同,表面的粗糙度才是對流散熱能力產生差異的關鍵。燒酒海蜷螺殼上的白色橫帶,以及螺肋與瘤狀縱肋造成的粗糙螺殼,使其擁有較高的表面反照率以及良好的對流散熱能力;此一特殊的形態幫助其適應潮間帶的熱逆境,可以說是長期演化下最適當的結果。 |
英文摘要 | Effects of the shell morphology to the heat budget of the snail can be quantified by the surface reflectivity and the relationship between Nusselt number (Nu) and Reynolds number (Re). In this study, effects of the shell morphologies to the heat budgets of an intertidal snail (Batillaria zonalis) and a freshwater snail (Semisulcospira libertina) were investigated and compared. Although the shell of the Batillaria zonalis is darker, its rougher surface with white stripes of the shell contributes the Batillaria zonalis a surface reflectivity of 22.4% higher than that of Semisulcospira libertina, which has a value of 12.0%. Due to the difference of wind direction, the relationships between Nusselt number and Reynolds number of the Batillaria zonalis shall be expressed in three forms. When the apex, anterior, and side orientated to the wind, the Nu/Re relationships of the Batillaria zonalis can be respectively expressed as: Nu = 0.34Re□, R² = 0.79 Nu = 0.64Re□, R² = 0.79 Nu = 0.49Re□, R² = 0.77 When the apex, anterior, and side orientated to the wind, the Nu/Re relationships of the Semisulcospira libertina can be respectively expressed as: Nu = 0.25Re□, R² = 0.77 Nu = 0.46Re□, R² = 0.62 Nu = 0.18Re□, R² = 0.78 These relationships indicated that the Batillaria zonalis has a strong convective cooling ability. The longitudinal granulated ribs crossed by the cords on its shell result in a secondary flow being superimposed on the main flow, and thus the heat has a greater chance to exchange. Comparing the convective cooling ability of the Semisulcospira libertina and those of other small poikilothermal animals indicates the animals with smooth surfaces and of similar sizes will have similar convective cooling ability. Therefore, significant differences between animals' convective cooling abilities do not result from the different shapes but from the differences of surface roughness. The rougher surface with longitudinal granulated ribs crossed by cords and white stripes of the shell offer the Batillaria zonalis a high surface reflectivity and strong convective cooling ability. This special shell morphology aids them to avoid the heat stress in the intertidal zone and is the most appropriate result of evolution. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。