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| 題 名 | 臺灣地區「派系政治」研究文獻的爭議--美國「機器政治」分析途徑的啟示=Controversy about the Research on Taiwan's Faction Politics--Learning from the Analytical Approaches of American Machine Politics |
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| 作 者 | 吳重禮; | 書刊名 | 政治科學論叢 |
| 卷 期 | 17 2002.12[民91.12] |
| 頁 次 | 頁81-105 |
| 分類號 | 573.07 |
| 關鍵詞 | 地方派系; 政治機器; 選舉動員; 侍從主義; 提名制度; Local faction; Political machine; Electoral mobilization; Clientelism; Candidate selection; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 近十餘年來，地方派系研究似乎蔚為國內社會科學研究的顯學之一。在這些派系政治的學術著作之中，研究者對於若干關鍵議題往往抱持迥異的觀點。大體而言，其可歸納為三個面向，分別是派系的定義、派系的起源，以及派系的運作與目的。針對這些面向，本文扼要回顧臺灣地區派系政治的研究文獻，檢視不同的學說與論述，並分別提出其優點與限制之處。其次，由於美國都會地區的「政治機器」與臺灣地區地方派系的特徵及其運作有諸多雷同相似之處，本文嘗試引介William J. Grimshaw對於機器政治研究的歸類及其意涵，其分別為經濟學研究途徑、社會學研究途徑，以及政治學研究途徑。依據其觀點，經濟學研究途徑偏重於經濟利益的「極大化」與「交換」；社會學研究途徑則著重於次級團體的「聯盟建構」與「代表」；政治學研究途徑探討的重心則為「菁英自利動機」與「權力取得」。倘若藉由此歸類架構檢視臺灣地區派系政治的研究文獻，吾人可以發現，迄今研究者多以經濟學研究途徑與社會學研究途徑為切入點。本文以為，學者應多考量以政治學研究途徑剖析地方派系政治，將研究焦點置於地方派系的組織利益與領導菁英的個人利益，並且分析這兩者之間的落差，相信這是值得關注的課題。 |
| 英文摘要 | For the past decade, the research on local factions has been one of the major paradigms in Taiwan's social sciences. It led to the development of a burgeoning literature investigating different questions of faction politics in Taiwan. On the whole, these issues can be summarized as three major aspects: the definition of faction, the origin of faction, and the function and objective of factionalism, respectively. This work briefly reviews the studies on Taiwan's faction politics, examining various theories about factionalism, and addressing their advantages and limitations. Furthermore, because of the similar characteristics between local factions and "political machines" in America urban politics, I briefly introduce William J. Grimshaw's typology of machine politics, i.e., economic, sociological, and political approaches. According to Grimshaw, the economic perspective mainly focuses on the "maximizing" and "exchange" of economic interests; the sociological perspective pays attention to the "coalition-building" and "representation" of sub-unit groups; the political perspective aims at "elite self-interest" and "empowerment." By the framework to examine the literature on factionalism, it can be found most researchers tend to follow the economic and sociological approaches. In light of these views, I hold that the political perspective could be heuristic to Taiwan's factionalism; in other word, social scientists should focus on the organization interests and elite interests and especially the gap between the both, which merits much attention. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。