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題 名 | 文心蘭保鮮處理對運銷成本結構改善之個案研究=The Case Study of Cost Structure Improvement by Adopting Cut Flower Preservation Technique on Oncidium During Marketing |
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作 者 | 黃惠琳; 林棟樑; | 書刊名 | 臺南區農業改良場研究彙報 |
卷 期 | 39 民91.06 |
頁 次 | 頁67-78 |
分類號 | 435.431 |
關鍵詞 | 文心蘭; 保鮮處理; 運銷; Oncidium; Cut flower preservation; Marketing; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 文心蘭為臺灣第三大外銷切花,民國88年外銷數量已達約900萬枝。然因保鮮技術的欠缺,使得花卉在長程運輸或外銷上居於劣勢,尤其8∼10月盛產期大量出口時,因高溫使得瓶插壽命偏短,加上空運有溫度無法掌握、運費高及艙位不足等問題。因此擬探討空運時產品溫度變化以作為改善空運品質之參考,及發展海運保鮮技術與運銷模式,確保外銷切花品質,並作效益分析,以提供其他花農在改進運銷保鮮技術及模式上的參考。 春夏季文心蘭因產量少,可能仍須使用空運方式銷日,目前發現的問題是如果沒有做好低溫運貨櫃運輸,產品溫度會達30℃以上,且在等待裝機的時間溫度更會達40℃左右,雖然時間只有數小時,但推測將已對產品造成不良影響,因此空運產品受到裝機前的溫度管理好壞之影響很大,這可能是空運時品質不穩定之重要因素。 在文心蘭海運經濟效益成本分析試驗中,採用的文心蘭切花保鮮技術是由農業試驗所黃肇家博士所研發,其處理流程是在現行的流程中加入較特殊的處理,包括"農試文保1號"預措保鮮、1-MCP(1-methylcycropropane)燻蒸、"農試文保1號"套保鮮管、低溫及通風控制貨櫃運輸。結果顯示此種保鮮處理模式確實能有效提高切花品質,增加收益。由89年嘉義縣大林鎮文心蘭產銷班的試銷結果顯示,40呎貨櫃海運外銷日本,估計每枝可節省2元左右的運費,並且因空間足夠,可以採用小包裝運輸,減少日本理貨改裝費之開支,對降低成本有極大的幫助;小包裝直立式的放置,使花卉在長程運輸時可吸收保鮮管中之保鮮液而維持一定品質水準,加上自出貨後的運輸過程花卉一直置於維持一定溫度與溼度的冷藏貨櫃中,因此鮮度能夠保持,銷日瓶插壽命較空運多3天,拍賣價格亦較高。 文心蘭輸日空運成本較高且品質較無法掌握,而40呎貨櫃海運外銷日本雖成本低,品質佳,但每次運輸所需的花卉數量龐大,因此政府可依產區現況、班組織運作及行銷需求,在運銷策略上推動各產銷策略聯盟,以利此運銷模式的推動,確保文心蘭產業之競爭力,並輔導地區性策略聯盟成立外銷處理集貨中心,統一處理文心蘭外銷切花的分級、消毒、燻蒸、包裝及運輸工作,一方面可維持出貨品質,一方面減少重複購置設備的成本。 |
英文摘要 | Oncidium is the third big exporting cut flower in Taiwan. It has reached 900 million stems in 1999. Nevertheless, short of cut flower preservation technique causes the disadvantage in long distance marketing or exporting, especially during August to October, the peak season for exporting. Several problems encounter during exporting includes high temperature shorten the vase life, temperature can not be well controlled during transporting, high shipping cost, and not enough air-plane space for exporting. This research aims at developing a method for cut flower and establishing a model for exporting by ship. The exporting of Oncidium to Japan mainly through air transportation since the quantity is few during spring and summer. The major problem during this stage is temperature control. The quality is unstable if the temperature is not well managed during domestic land transportation, waiting to get on the airplane, and even in the airplane. The cut flower preserve technique is developed by Dr. Huang C.C. in TARI. Dr. Huang adds some special step in regular handling procedure includes: pulsing with TARI Oncidium No.1 solution, fumigation with 1-MCP(1-methylcycropropane), preserving cut stem with tube contain TARI No.1 solution, and transporting with temperature and ventilation controlled container. The result shows this preservation method can obviously enhance the quality of cut flower. In the cooperation with Oncidium production and marketing team in Da-lin, Chai-yi county, the result shows by adopting this technology, it can save 2 NT dollars shipping cost per stem when shipping in a 40 inches container to Japan, and because of enough space, the small size package can be used without sorting product again in Japan. This small package can also be posted straight, thus the flower can absorb preserve solution continuously and keep fresh. Also the cooling container whose temperature and humid is under control can maintain the quality of flower, which can extend vase life 3days and achieve higher price. Although 40 inches container can obviously decrease the shipping cost and enhance quality of flower, it needs a lot amount for each shipping. Therefore, we suggest the government to propel strategy alliance and assist in establishing a handling and shipping center to ensure the competitiveness of Oncidium industry. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。