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頁籤選單縮合
題名 | Enhancement of Antifungal Metabolite Production from Gamma-ray Induced Mutants of Some Trichoderma Species for Control Onion White Rot Disease=γ射線誘變木黴菌增生抗菌代謝物質防治洋蔥白腐病 |
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作者姓名(外文) | Haggag,Wafaa M.; Mohamed,H. A. A.; | 書刊名 | 植物病理學會刊 |
卷期 | 11:1 2002.03[民91.03] |
頁次 | 頁45-56 |
分類號 | 435.221 |
關鍵詞 | γ射線; 木黴菌; 突變; 抗生素; 抗菌代謝物; 胞外酵素; 酚化合物; 洋蔥白腐病; Antibiotics; Antifungal metabolites; Exoenzymes; Gamma radiation; Mutation; Onion white rot; Sclerotium cepivorum; Trichoderma species; |
語文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 本研究利用γ射線誘導木黴菌(Trichoderma spp.)產生突變株,藉以探討其對木黴菌產生抗菌代謝物質之改善情形及其防治洋蔥白腐病菌(Sclerotium cepivorum)之功效。以劑量為20與50kilo-rad的γ射線照射T. harzianum, T. viride及T. koningii的孢子,獲得表現不同生長速率與拮抗能力的突變株。從每一種(species)木黴菌,選出兩株生長較快、產孢量較多、且抗菌能力較佳者進行試驗。將木黴面野生株(wild type)與突變株進行液態培養,從濾液中萃取代謝物質,並經過SDS-PAGE電泳分析、或HPLC層析及檢定。結果顯示,與野生株比較,所有供試的γ射線突變株均產生較高活性的胞外酵素(exo-enzymes)。分析β-1,3 glucanase與幾丁質分解酵素(chitinase)的同功異構酵素,T. harzianum與T. koningii的突變株產生的酵素量及形成的條帶(bands)最多。而T. viride突變株產生纖維素分解酵素(cellulase)與幾丁質分解酵素的活性亦較高。經由HPLC分析,供試木黴菌突變株產生的代謝產物(包括酚化合物與抗生素(gliotoxin, trichodermine及virdin))均比野生株產生者大幅度增加。在田間受白腐病菌(S. cepivorum)自然污染的洋蔥田,接種木黴菌突變株後均能顯著地降低本病的發病度,且增加洋蔥產量。試驗顯示,木黴菌突變株較野生株更能顯著抑制病原菌在根圈土壤中生長,同時,突變株在土壤中的密度可以持續上升至18星期,而野生株的密度在7星期後即開始下降。 |
英文摘要 | The influence of gamma-irradiation on improving production of anti-fungal metabolites and biological proficiency of the biocontrol agent Trichoderma species against Sclerotium cepivorum, the causal organism of onion white rot disease, was studied. Mutants of Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride and T. koningii were generated by exposing their sporulated cultures to 20 and 50 kilo-rad doses of gamma irradiation. The isolated mutant displayed variation in growth and antagonistic activity. Two mutant with better growth rate, sporulation and antagonistic effect against the pathogen were selected from each species. Antifungal metabolites were extracted from the culture filtrates of the Trichoderma isolates, fractionated by PAGE or HPLC and assayed. Results showed that all selected mutant isolates produced highly active exo-enzymes compared to the wild type. Mutants derived from T. harzianum and T. koningii had the highest isozyme band number and quantity of chitinase and β-1,3 glucanase. Mutants of T. viride also showed higher levels of cellulose and chitinase isozymes. Fractionation of the culture filtrates via HPLC revealed that production of the metabolites included phenolic compounds and antibiotics, including gliotoxin, trichodermine and viridian, were greatly increased over the sild-type in all selected mutants. In soil naturally infested with S. cepivorum, Trichoderma mutants significantly reduced the onion white rot disease incidence and improved the plant yield. Trichoderma mutants were effective in reducing the pathogen growth in rhizosphere soil compared to the wild type strains. At the same time, population counts of mutants were dramatically increased in rhizosphere soil 18 weeks compared to 7 weeks in wild types. |
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