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題 名 | 噪音與振動對航太工業員工聽力之影響=Combined Effect of Noise and Vibration on Hearing Loss of Aircraft Assembly Workers |
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作 者 | 劉秋松; 戴志展; 賴俊雄; | 書刊名 | 中臺灣醫學科學雜誌 |
卷 期 | 6:3 2001.09[民90.09] |
頁 次 | 頁147-156 |
分類號 | 412.78 |
關鍵詞 | 聽力損傷; 噪音; 振動; Hearing impairment; Noise; Vibration; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 背景:噪音暴露會對勞工聽力造成顯著影響。振動性暴露是另一常見之職業危害。在工業上,噪音與振動這兩種危害經常同時存在,此雙重暴露對聽力之影響是值得探討之問題。本研究之目的在瞭解勞工作業現場噪音及振動之暴露情形,並探討噪音與振動對勞工聽力損失之危害與相關性。方法:以某航太工業噪音作業勞工為對象,將其分為噪音暴露組(332人) 及噪音與振動暴露組(548人),並以廠內未暴露之行政人員為對照組(122人)。以結構式問卷回溯性調查勞工之過去疾病、工作史及其它可能影響聽力之因素。以聽力檢查巡迴車進行純音聽力檢查。作業場所則進行噪音暴露量及振動暴露量之測量。勞工並接受醫師檢查以排除影響聽力之可能因素。所有資料在鍵入電腦檔後以SAS統計分析軟體分析。結果:作業場所的噪音均能音壓範圍介於82-108 dBA,最大噪音量則介於86-130 dBA。振動性工具的振動加速度總和介於2.90-8.88 m/s�插C有194位(27.8%) 受檢者出現聽力損傷的情形。聽力損失的情形以高頻率(4K,6kHz)最為明顯。以邏輯斯蒂迴歸模式分析,在控制年齡及性別等變項下,高噪音(>90 dB)與中噪音(85-90 dB) 暴露者比起低噪音(<85 dB)暴露者,發生聽力損傷的危險性分別為32.6倍(95% CI:13.0-81.7)及7.9倍(95% CI:4.4-14.3),高振動(>5.0 m/s��) 暴露者比起低振動(<3.0 m/s��) 暴露者者,發生聽力損傷的危險性為2.8倍(95% CI:1.31-5.83)。結論:航太工業作業場所的噪音暴露非常普遍且嚴重,振動暴露則在可接受範圍,員工出現聽力損傷的情況高達28%。建議要落實聽力保護計劃,減少職業性聽力損傷及其它健康危害的發生。 |
英文摘要 | Background:Hearing loss is a well documented occupational disorder among workers exposed to excessive vibration and noise levels greater than 85 dB. In many industries, the hazards of noise and vibration usually co-exist. The purpose of this study was to assess the exposure of noise and vibration in the aerospace industry and to investigate the combined effects of noise and vibration on hearing loss. Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study of employees working at an aircraft assembly factory in October 1998. The 1002 participants were divided into 3 groups according to the kinds of exposure:(a)noise and vibration (548), (b)noise only (332), (c) no exposure (122). Past medical history, occupational history and other factors which might affect hearing were recalled by questionnaire. Noise sound levels and vibration were assessed by standard methods in the workplace. The hearing threshold was measured by pure tone audiometry, and the methods used for statistical analysis included Chi-square, ANOVA, multiple regression analysis and logistic regression with the aid of an SAS package. Results:The equivalent sound level (Leq) at various working places ranged from 82 to 108 dBA while the maximum sound level ranged from 86 to 130 dBA. A total of 194 (27.8%) subjects were diagnosed as having hearing impairments. Hearing loss at high frequencies (4K, 6K Hz) was considerably greater than that at low frequencies (0.5K, 1K, 2K Hz). After adjusting for age and sex, the risk of hearing impairment due to exposure to high noise levels (>90 dB) and medium noise levels (85-90 dB) were 32.6 (95% CI:13.0-81.7) and 7.9 (95% CI:4.4-14.3) respectively. The risk of hearing impairment due to exposure to high vibration levels was 2.8 (95% CI:1.3-5.8) compared with the low vibration level group. Conclusions:The noisy environment of the aerospace industry is relatively severe. However, the vibration levels at the studied factory is still below the ACGIH recommended levels. The prevalence of hearing loss among the workers in our study was 28%. control of the noise and vibration levels is necessary in order to prevent further health damage. |
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