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題 名 | 照顧倫理與政府責任:臺灣實施雙軌制照顧津貼之探討=Caring Ethics and Government Responsibility: The Study of Caring Allowance Program in Taiwan |
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作 者 | 曾薔霓; 王正; | 書刊名 | 經社法制論叢 |
卷 期 | 28 2001.07[民90.07] |
頁 次 | 頁97-132 |
分類號 | 548.2 |
關鍵詞 | 長期照護; 照顧津貼; 政府責任; 照顧倫理; Long-term care; Caring allowance; Government responsibility; Caring ethics; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 照顧者將自己的時間和生命,換取被照顧者的時間和生命。臺灣地區人口正在快速老化中,經建會資料(1999)顯示,目前七十五歲以上人口僅佔總老年人口的三分之一,四十年後將成長接近一半。此人口群老化速度之快,不容忽視。人口結構老化,將加速長期照護「潛在性需求」的成長。就此而言,未來臺灣長期照護之人數及費用將頗為龐大,事先未雨綢繆有其必要性。由於一般觀念認為,照顧工作的技術專業層次低,而愛心與耐心才是最重要。因此,若這樣性質的工作由親屬來執行,照顧的品質會是最好。這是僅考量被照顧者照顧利益的層次,卻忽略照顧者處於,長期受剝削的「照顧循環」困境,而難以跳脫。再則,照顧者的困境並非侷限於個人問題層面上,而是深受整體社會制度、文化規範、倫理價值、資本主義體制運作機制等「結構性」因素的影響。因此,改變照顧者困境的策略必須是多元的。西方國家實質的照顧者福利措施包括:勞務性支持措施、心理性支持措施、財務性支持措施、以及就業性支持措施。這些均是支持照顧者的重要措施;惟,為凸顯問題的焦點,本文將以照顧者財務支持措施相關面向為分析之重點。同時,本文所探討相關照顧之財務責任概念,係定位為提供看護或照料工作,所對應政府社會福利預算分配,予以商品化處理之意涵。換言之,係將政府照顧責任轉換為財務上商品化型式,亦即將照顧行為本身所引發的外部效果,以及維持弱勢家庭基本照顧功能的財務責任,一併透過社會化的方式處理。 |
英文摘要 | Our nation is aging, and substantially a number of people are struggling under enormously physical, financial and emotional burdens. Disabled elderly people are particularly vulnerable to losing their independence. Many are unable to obtain the needed assistance at home, and the placement in a nursing home is too often the end result. The organization and financing of our long-term care system are fragmented and riddled with gaps. The support and services of home and community care are inadequate and there is little assurance of quality. Thus the burden of procuring and paying for long-term care falls heavily on the disabled people themselves and on their families. These families and other informal caregivers play a vital role in the long-term care network, and their efforts need to be supported. Moreover, most of the caregivers are women. Many of them are elderly and have modest means. The number of disabled elderly people is expected to double within the next decade. Hence the need to reform the financing programs available for long-term care is widely recognized and becomes increasingly imperative with the aging of the population. For the vast majority of the disabled people, public assistance for long-term care is greatly skewed toward institutional care, and limited to those who are poor enough to quality for the means-tested program. Although most disabled people prefer to remain in their homes, unfortunately most discussions of the reform of long-term care are stalled by the substantial cost of nursing home care. For that reason, the constructing of the financing system should aim at creating a more balanced delivery system by expanding paid home care services. Today's society perceives long-term care less as a family duty and more as a government problem. Accordingly, the government should contribute to the cost of the program. Accordingly, the government should contribute to the cost of the program -- sharing the burden with the families. In addition to the various reasons for concentrating the caring allowance in the home care setting, the most important thing is that it provides the caregivers respite from their financial burden. This study evaluates the internalized norm regarding financial implications of home care. In the process, particular attention will be focused on the designing of the caring allowance program to achieve a balance between the needs of the disabled and their caregivers. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。