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題 名 | Beyond Abstract Objectivism and Individual Subjectivism: Bakhtin's Theories of the Novel in The Dialogic Imagination=跨越抽象客觀論與個人主觀論:巴赫汀「對話想像」中的小說理論 |
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作 者 | 張碧蓉; | 書刊名 | 暨大學報 |
卷 期 | 5:1 2001.03[民90.03] |
頁 次 | 頁139-160 |
分類號 | 874.57 |
關鍵詞 | 文學自主; 模擬論; 眾聲喧嘩; 多音; 對話質素; 時空型; 再現; Autonomy; Mimesis; Heteroglossia; Polyphony; Dialogism; Chronotope; Representation; |
語 文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 小說批評的重要議題之一,是藝術形式與真實經驗,文學自主與模擬論之間的定位爭奪-究竟小說的創作是出於作家對世界的觀察,或是基於與其他文本的互文指涉?究竟是作家書寫小說,抑或是小說書寫作家?究竟文學是反映既存的外在現實,或是建構新的現實?形式主義認為語言是一套符號系統,進而否定主體作為創造者的能動力;另一方面,傳統的人文主義思想以作者為其作品意義的承載者,又因忽略語言的成規及文本性,進而把語言化約為透明的再現工具。巴赫汀對小說的研究,超越了上述「抽像客觀主義」及「個人主觀主義」兩種立場。 本文擬從小說的語言,小說的時空型、小說作為一種顛覆的文類、小說的作者權(authorship)及真實的再現等五方面,探討巴赫汀《對話的想像》一書中的小說理論。巴赫汀對小說的探討並不侷限於對個人創造力單一面向的推崇或否定,而是基於小說中獨特的對話質素(dialogism)。這樣的特質使小說不僅可以抗衡後結構主義中所批判的權威及獨白式的意識型態,又可以不脫離外界現實,進而賦予作者主體的機動性。 |
英文摘要 | One of the fundamental dilemmas of the theory of the novel is how to resolve the rival claims of artistic form or pattern in the novel with those of lived experience, i.e. of "autonomy" with "mimesis"; are books made out of the writer's observation and experience, or out of other books (intertextual reference); does the writer write his/her novel or the novel write the writer; does literature "reflect" a pre-existing reality outside it, or "construct" a new reality. While Formalist perception of language as a pure system precludes the possibility of meaningful creative agency on the part of subjects, the conventional romantic notion of the author as originator and guarantor of meaning in his/her text tends to obscure the role of textual rules and conventions and reduces language to a purely expressive medium. Bakhtin formulates his theory of the novel by situating himself beyond the antinomy between the former-"abstract objectivism" and the latter-"individual subjectivism.". This paper aims to examine Bakhtin's theories of the novel by discussing five main areas: the language of the novel, the chronotope of the novel, the novel as a subversive genre, the idea of authorship, and the representation of reality in connection with the essays collected in The Dialogic Imagination. Bakhtin's treatment of the novel is founded neither on an attempt to undermine individual genius, nor on an endorsement of it, but on an exploration of the distinct dialogism in the novel. Bakhtin's theories of the novel suggest that the novel might serve as a form of resistance to repressive, authoritarian and monologic ideologies of the kind that poststructuralism rejects, while not completely precluding the subjective agency of the author and the represented external reality. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。