頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 八十五年度酪農示範戶經營利益之個案分析=A Case Study of the Profits Based on the Management Data Recorded by the Demonstrated Dairy Farms in Southern Taiwan |
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作 者 | 呂秀英; | 書刊名 | 畜產研究 |
卷 期 | 33:1 2000.03[民89.03] |
頁 次 | 頁10-24 |
分類號 | 483.3 |
關鍵詞 | 生產成本; 經營效率; 淨收益; 牛乳; Production cost; Management efficiency; Net revenue; Milk; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文乃探討技術服務團南團示酪農經過畜產試驗所四年技術輔導,其經營效率是否改善,並探討個別農戶經營利益差異之原因,提供酪農經營改進之方向。根據五戶記帳資料(民國84年7月至85年6月30日)分析結果,牛乳之生產成本結構,以飼料費居首位,佔55.15%,其次是勞力費,佔13.53%,母牛折舊費已退居第三位,佔12.22%,資本利息居第四位,佔40.6%。十年前母牛折舊費僅佔總成本之3.7%,至目前卻大為提高,佔總成本之百分比達12.22%,顯示泌乳牛使用壽命大為降低,如能延長泌乳牛使用年限,則可降低牛乳生產成本。 從農場經營管理觀點分析,每公斤牛乳之生產成本為20.91元,但純粹從泌乳牛生產牛乳觀點分析,每百公斤牛乳之生產成本只需1,276.77元,形成如此差異乃因經營主必須負擔未產乳之大小女牛之生產成本,若是乳綷屢配不上,不僅增加配種費,且徒增乳牛經營成本,如果純粹從泌乳牛產乳觀點,欲降低牛乳生產成本,只需提高產乳量,此時未必整個牧場經營利潤提高,因此如何降低整個牧場之牛乳生產成本乃是未來經營輔導的目標。泌乳牛比率過低也是影響乳牛經營之重要因素。目前酪農一味追求產乳量提高,因而飼料費有增加趨勢,但收益未必跟隨提高,由本次記帳資料分析,發現酪農餵飼TMR,可使乳牛達到平衡日糧,牛隻健康,乳量大為提高,但若餵飼TRM外,再增加其它精、粗料有可能再造成營養不均衡,徒增飼料成本負擔,因此如何餵飼恰到好處乃一門高深學問,亦即如何使牛乳總收益提高並超過飼料費增加額,此種餵飼方式始值得值廣,反之受胎率低、配種次數多導致配種費用高,即繁殖效率低導致泌乳牛比率過低,是造成乳牛經營效率低的重要原因。 |
英文摘要 | The analysis was based on the managerial data collected from 5 demonstration farms by the technical service team in southern Taiwan between 1995 and 1996. According to the analysis of recording accounts on dairy farms, the cost structure of milk production was as follow. First, the ratio of feeds cost to total cost was 55.15%, second the ratio of labor cost was about 13.53%. The third, its ratio was about 12.2%. The fourth was capital interests (about 12.22%). Ten years ago, the ratio of depreciation cost for dairy cows was only 3.7%. At present, this cost increased greatly so that the ratio has increased to 12.22%. It means the span of milk cows has been decreased. If was can increase the longevity of daing cow, the production costs can be reduced. In view of farm management, the average production cost of milk was NT$20.91 per kilogram. But from the standpoint of milking of lactating cows, the average production cost was NT$1,276.77 per 100kg. This difference was caused by whether the raising costs of heifer or yearling heifer was included or not. Repeat breeding without pregnancy would increase production cost of dairy cattle. From the milking point of view, we can increase milk production to reduce per unit of the production cost but it is not sure whether this will increase the total profits of dairy farm. Thus how to reduce the total production cost and increase profits of the dairy farm are the main goal. The ratio of milking cow to total dairy cattle affects management of dairy farms. At present, dairy farms are always seeking to raise total quantity of milk produced but they are not sure whether this will increase total profits. Total mixed ration (TMR) can balance cattle's nutrition. If farmers adds other concentrate and roughage to TMR it would lead to unbalance of nutrition and only increase production cost. Thus, how to raise dairy cattle to keep its balance is a sophisticated knowledge which is very important to farm operation. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。