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題 名 | 集水區幾何特性、荷頓比與河川網路結構之統計分析=The Statistical Analysis of Watershed Geometry, Horton's Ratios, and Stream Network Structure |
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作 者 | 楊銘賢; 李光敦; 錢玉珠; | 書刊名 | 農業工程學報 |
卷 期 | 46:1 2000.03[民89.03] |
頁 次 | 頁23-43 |
分類號 | 436.124 |
關鍵詞 | 群集分析; 典型相關分析; 荷頓比; 河川網路; Cluster analysis; Canonical contellation analysisi; Horton's ratios; Stream network; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 有關集水區幾何特性、荷頓比與河川網路結構等地文特性, 國內外學者已有諸多 研究。然而,對於臺灣地區集水區之荷頓比適用性,單一集水區內地文因子間的相關性,以 及地文因子的區域特性等相關研究,則未見論著探討。 本文之目的在於以臺灣地區集水區為例,利用群集分析與典型相關分析理論,進行地文因子 相互關係之定性分析。文中將集水區面積、集水區主流長度與最高級序渠流坡度定義為層次 Ⅰ地文因子;集水區荷頓比為層次Ⅱ地文因子;而可反應河川網路特性之逕流路徑機率則為 層次Ⅲ地文因子。在上述的分類中,層次愈高者代表其地文因子愈不容易由地圖上求得。 研究結果顯示,集水區荷頓比適於描述臺灣地區各級序河川數目、平均渠流長度、平均漫地 流面積與平均渠流坡度和級序數之關係,而此荷頓比大致呈常態分佈。然而,集水區荷頓比 與層次Ⅲ地文因子之區子之區域性並不顯著,且單一集水區內不同層次間之地文因子,其相 互關係亦不顯著。 |
英文摘要 | The characteristics of watershed geometry, Horton's ratios, and stream network structure have been extensively investigated by previous researches. However, there is no research specified in Taiwan area to examine the adequacy of the Horton's ratios, the cross correlation, and the regional characteristics of the watershed geomorphic factors. By using the cluster analysis and canonical correlation correlation analysis, this paper presents the cross correlation of the geomorphic factors qualitatively. In this study, Level I factors denote watershed area. main stream length, and the highest order channel slope. Level Ⅱ factor denotes Horton's ratios, and Level Ⅲ factor denotes runoff path probability, which reflects stream network structure. The difficulty of obtaining geomorphic factors from a topographic map in these three levels is increasing from low level (Level Ⅰ ) to high level (Level Ⅲ ). The results show that Horton's ratios, which include bifurcation ratio, length ratio, area ratio, and slope ratio, can describe the geomorphic characteristics of Taiwan watersheds adequately. The Horton's ratios from 77 watersheds of Taiwan can be approximated by normal distributions. Nevertheless, the correlation of the Level Ⅱ and Level Ⅲ factors within a large region is implicit, and the correlation of the different level's factors is also insignificant. |
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