查詢結果分析
相關文獻
- 稻多元化對秈稉雜種部份不孕性影響之細胞遇傳學研究
- 秈稉稻雜種的花藥培養
- RAPD標識在番茄雜交一代雜種種子純度鑑定的應用
- 分季連續淘汰及不同栽培地區對大豆雜種族群育種行為的影響(1):F2-F5 世代農藝性狀頻度分布之變異
- 分季連續淘汰及不同栽培地區對大豆雜種族群育種行為的影響(2):F2-F5 世代農藝性狀遺傳率及相關之變異
- 秈稻雜種品系一年一作區域適應性試驗
- Cytogenetics: From Aneuploidy to Polymorphism
- 雜種高粱幼苗在不同環境逆境下雜種優勢之表現
- 臺南白F[feb5]雜種在不同期作產量潛能之表現
- 菸草屬種間雜種致死之研究(5)--四對顯性互補雜種致死基因(A、B、C、D)與雜種致死關係之推測
頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 稻多元化對秈稉雜種部份不孕性影響之細胞遇傳學研究=Cytogenetical Study on the Influences of Polyploidy upon the Partial Sterility of Subspecies Hybrids between Indica and Japonica in Rice, Oryza sativa L |
---|---|
作 者 | 莊南田; 盧守耕; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷 期 | 54 民55.06 |
頁 次 | 頁1-16 |
關鍵詞 | 秈稉稻; 部份不孕性; 細胞遺傳學; 雜種; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 稻之遠緣品種間之雜種常顯示部分不稔性。其原因尚未全明。本試驗之主要目的,在用秋水仙鹼誘致同質四元體後再相雜交,或誘致二元雜種染色體之加倍,育成雜種四元體,以探究多元化是否可提高其稔實性。並在減數分裂時期觀察比較二元雜種及四元雜種之染色體行動,以期進而闡明稻品種間雜種不稔性之原因。 所得結果可綜合如下: (一) 水稻對秋水仙鹼毒害之抵抗性,品種間有差異,日本型稻較印度型稻之抵抗力為大,而誘成四元體之比率?以印度型為高。 (二) 就13品種之二元與四元稻比較其各性狀,除種子大小及穗長,四元稻較二元稻為大外,其他所檢查之性狀均遠比二元稻為差,尤其四元稻之一次二次枝梗數及一穗粒數為小,此殆由於四元體幼穗形成時期的溫度之影響。 (三) 二元稻之異型間雜種F1 之結實率概低於50%,而同型內雜種則一般都高於70%,最高有達93.52%,各組合之雜種結實率有大小之差異,反映栽培稻品種間有明顯之系統分化現象。 (四) 異型間之二元雜種F1之結實率本都在50%以下,經染色體加倍而誘成四元雜種後,則可提高到70~80%;同型內之二元雜種,結實率本在70%以上者,經誘成四元雜種後,結實率反降至50%以下。 (五) 在減數分裂期觀察二元雜種之染色體行動,除約有10%的兩單價染色體出現於肥厚期及第一中期,及有1%的遲滯染色體出現於第一後期中,均沒有發現染色體有任何異常的行動。 (六) 同質四元體稻之四價及單價染色體數,平均每細胞各為6.47及1.01,比四元雜種之4.94及0.5為高。又遲滯染色體每細胞平均數,同質四元稻(0.45至0.78)亦較四元雜種(一般0.3以下)為高。 (七)四元體品種及四元雜種的四價染色體數與結實率間無明顯之相關,其單價染色體數及遲滯染色體數與結實率間,則有顯著負相關存在。此點顯似可解釋一般四元體雜種較同質四元體之結實率為高之理由。 (八)品種間雜種不稔性之原因似可分成兩類:一為染色體之隱密的構造差異(Cryptic structural hybridity),另一為遺傳因子控制的不稔性。前者多元化後對結實率顯著提高,而後者多元化對稔實性之提高?無效。 |
英文摘要 | The partial sterility ofter occurs in inter-subspecies F1 hybrids of rice plants. Its causes have not yet been clearly understood. The main purpose of the present work is to study whether artificial polyploidy of such hybrids with colchicine could increase their fertility or not. Furthermore, the observation of chromosome behavior of hybrids of diploid and tetraploid levels in meiosis, may hope to throw some light in the causes of sterility in inter-subspecies hybrids in rice. The results obtained may be summarized as follows: 1. The resistance of rice plants to the toxicity of colchicine differs significantly with varieties, the Japonica type varieties being higher than Indica varieties. The percentage of induced tetraploids in the Indica type, however, is higher than in the Japonica type. 2. The characters of 13 diploid varieties and their correspondent tetraploids were studied. The agronomic characters of tetraploid varieties were far poor than their correspondent diploid varieties except the grain size and length of panicles. The primary and secondary branches of the panicle rachis and the number of grains per ear of tetraploid varieties were especially poor. 3. All the seed fertility of diploid inter-subspecies F1 hybrids in the this study was lower than 50% and the highest combination may up to 93.52% in intra-subspecies hybrid. The seed fertility difference were shown in different cross combinations. It reflects pylogenetic differentiation occurring in cultivated rice. 4. Following chromosome doubling, the seed fertility of inter-subspecies hybrids was in general increased from below 50% to 70-80%, the intra-subspecies hybrids on contrary, after the chromosome doubling the fertility was decreasd to 50%. In other words, the more sterile in the diploid hybrids, the higher will be the seed set in their corresponding tetraploids. 5. The chromosome pairing of partial sterile inter-subspecies hybrids was observed to be regular at the diakinesis and metaphase I in meiosis except 10% of double univalents at the above mentioned stages and 1% of lagging chromosomes in anaphase I. 6. The average quadrivalents and univalents per cell of autotetraploids was 6.47 and 1.01 respectively, which were higher as compared with allotetraploids 4.9 and 0.5, and the average lagging chromosomes per cell 0.45-0.78 in autotetraploids also higher than allotetraploids (below 0.3). 7. There was no significant correlation between the number of quadrivalents and the seed fertility in autotetraploids as well as in allotetraploids, but there was significnat negative crrelation between the number of univalents, lagging chromosomes and the seed fertility. This is probable reason why the seed fertility of allotetraploid was higher than autotetraploids in general. 8. The causes of partial sterility of inter-subspecies hybrids may be classified into the cryptic structural hybridity in chromosomes and the genetically controlled sterility genes. The fertility of hybrids of the former type could be increased by polyploidy, while those of the later type there is no any effect in the seed fertility with polyploidy. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。