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題名 | 應用效應曲面研究氮、鉀及種植密度對甘藷塊根產量之影響=The Use of Response Surface in Studying the Effect of Nitrogen, Potassium and Plant Population on the Tuber Yield of Sweet Potato |
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作者姓名(中文) | 李良; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷期 | 62 民57.06 |
頁次 | 頁16-30 |
關鍵詞 | 種植密度; 氮; 鉀; 甘藷; 塊垠產量; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本研究係利用甘藷因子試驗資料,並應用效應曲面以研究氮、鉀及種植苗數與甘藷塊根產量間之數量關係,並推算曲面上最適點之效應,以明瞭各生產因素在收益最大時最經濟的配合量。 根據分析結果,可知種植密度(S)、氮(N)和鉀(K)施用量間之直線關係及第一種曲線均極顯著。N×K之交感作用亦極顯著;而N×S,K×S及N×K×S之交感作用則均不顯著。 依分析結果,擇試驗因子中效果顯著者,配合成下列的複?歸方程式:Y=3,801.4+0.50227S+113.1714N+21.0974K-0.000005189S2-0.441N2-0.04253K2+0.043NK 上式中Y為甘藷塊根產量之推算值(公斤/公頃),S為種植苗數(株/公頃),N為氮素用量(公斤/公頃),及K為鉀素用量(公斤/公頃)。上式之複?歸決定係數(R2)為0.7614,表示氮、鉀及種植苗數對塊根產量之變異約佔76%。 以各種種植苗數,氮和鉀用量相配合時,甘藷塊根產量之推算值,其變域自11,771.2(N=0, K=0, S=20,000 株/公頃) -25,201.6公斤(N=200公斤/公頃,K=400公斤/公頃,S=60,000株/公頃)。不同氮、鉀用量及種植苗數對塊根產量之效應,以氮對產量之效應較大,而鉀及種植苗數較小。 分析等產量曲線,得知在一定產量水準下,可用各種不同的生產要素的配合比例生產之,在各種不同的生產要素配合量中,因某一要素可以代替另一要素,使產量水準維持不變,然其代替之比率,則依生產要素間配合比例的不同而異。 在獲得最大收益時氮、鉀及種植苗數的適當配合量,係視氮、鉀肥及藷苗和甘藷塊根價格之變動而異。就目前價格來說,當PN/Py=NT$17/NT$1.0=17,PK/Py=NT$5/NT$1.0=5 及Ps/Py=NT$0.025/NT$1.0=0.025,則氮、鉀及種植苗數的適當配合量為氮每公頃之施用量為120公斤,鉀250公斤及種植苗數為45,980株,吾人可期望生產塊根26,960公斤,每公頃之淨收益為新台幣9,066元,每投入之氮、鉀肥料及藷苗之成本為新台幣1元時,可得淨收益新台幣貳元伍角。 |
英文摘要 | This study was conducted at Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Station in 1966 to investigate the effects of nitrogen(N), potassium (K), and plant population (S) on the tuber yield of sweet potato by a 3×3×3 factorial experiment. The three levels for each factor are nitrogen, 0, 100 and 200 kg/ha., potassium, 0, 200 and 400 kg/ha., and plant population, 20,000, 40,000, and 60,000 plant/ha. The data were used in fitting a yield equation by multiple regression which was used for predicting yield response surfaces, isoquants, and the combinations of N, K, and S for economic optima. The results indicated that the linear and quadratic effects of plant population, nitrogen, and potassium on the tuber yield were highly significant. The nitrogen×potassium interaction was also highly significant while the nitrogen× plant population; potassium× plant population, and plant population×nitrogen× potassium interactions were non-significant. The quadratic prediction equation for tuber yield obtained by using those significant effects is: Y=3,801.4+0.50227S+113.1714N+21.0974K-0.000005189S2-0.441N2-0.04253K2+0.043NK. where Y refers to total predicted tuber yield (kg/ha.); N, nitrogen (kgs/ha.); K, potassium (kgs/ha), and S, the number of plants per hectare. This equation accounts for about 76% of variation in tuber yield as indicated by the R2=0.7614. Predicted tuber yields of sweet potato range from 11,771.2 kgs per hectare with 20,000 plants per hectare and no N and K to 25,201.6 kgs with 60,000 plants per hectare and 200 kgs of N, and 400 kgs of K. The yield response to N was greater than the response to either K or S. The isoquant curves revealed that there were a number of combinations of N and K, N and S, and K and S if the yield was maintained at a specific level. Thus, based on the results, it is evidient that the reduction of one variable, for instance, N, K or S may be compensated by the increase of one of other variables. The amount of increase of one variable to compensate the other varies with different variables. For maximum profit, the optimum combinations of N, K, and S will depend on the price of tuber, N, K and vine cuttings. At the present price level, the tuber is NT$ 1.0 per kg; nitrogen NT$ 17 per kg; K2O NT$ 5 per kg, and the vine cutting, NT$0.025 per cutting. Based on these prices, it was found that the optimum combination was 120 kgs of N, 250 kgs of K2O, and 45,980 plants per hectare and this would give a predicted tuber yield of 26,960 kgs per hectare. The net profit resulted from the use of the optimum combination was NT$9,066 per hectare. The return for NT$ 1.0 invested in N and K fertilizer and vine cuttings was NT$2.5. |
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