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題名 | 紅棕壤中甘蔗之灌溉施肥及犁起深度試驗=An Experiment on the Irrigation, Fertilization and Deep Tillage of Reddish Brown Latosol for Growing Cane |
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作 者 | 陳金鐸; 魏金塗; 葉澤波; 吳祚正; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷期 | 30 民49.06 |
頁次 | 頁13-23 |
關鍵詞 | 紅棕壤; 甘蔗; 灌溉施肥; 犁起深度; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 紅棕壤(Reddish Brown Latosol)為本省海拔500公尺以下丘陵地之重要耕土。水稻、甘蔗、鳳梨及茶等為其主要作物,該土類之主要形態與理化學性狀業已載於前文(6)中,由於紅棕壤之水分與肥力性狀特殊;如(1)團粒為安定,塑性係數小,易碎,有效水分限界狹小,保水性差而排水良好,與(2)粘土礦物為metahalloysite,游離氧化鐵多,有機物含量少,酸性強,鹽基置換能力小,有效性N.P.K.含量低,以及燐之固定率大等等,因而對於該土類宜施以特別的管理。 本文係報告在紅棕壤上設施的灌溉,肥料與犁起深度等處理及其交感作用對于(1)甘蔗生育及收量與(2) 各處理區土壤水分量之影響以及灌溉用水量等等,俾在紅棕壤上栽培甘蔗時對於其水分及肥力管理等有所指示。 |
英文摘要 | It has been studied that the Reddish Brown Latocial has special physicochemical characteristics, which need proper treatments during the soil and water management. A field experiment for investigating the effect of irrigation, fertilization and depth of tillage on sugar cane and its ratoon was carried out along with the measurements of soil moisture and irrigation water applied. A split-plot design with irrigation and depth of tillage combined as the mainplots and fertilization rates as the subplots was used. The depth of tillage was 15 cm (ordinary tillage) and 20 cm (deep tillage) respectively, the irrigation treatment consisted of irrigated and nonirrigated plots and the fertilization levels were divided into: 1, No fertilization; 2, Standard fertilization (N:100kg, P2O5:100kg, K2O:100kg per hectare, limed to pH 6.5, and 20 tons manure added); 3, Double fertilization, and there were six replications. I. Soil Moisture Content. (1) No cropping and no irrigation affected mostly the moisture content of the upper (0-1 ft) and middle (1-2 ft) layers and the number of months, in which the moisture content of the whole layer (0-3 ft) was below the wilting point, was the largest (Table 7). (2) For each treatment plot, the number of months in which the moisture content was below the wilting percentage, and that in which the moisture content was above the field capacity, are shown in table 8. (3)As for the cropped plots, the moisture content of the upper and middle layers was high, but that of the lower layer (2-3 ft) was remaining low, and the number of month, in which the moisture content fell below the wilting point, was exceeded that of uncropped plot. The moisture contents in the upper and middle layers of deep tillage (20 cm depth) plots were lower than those of the ordinary tillage (15 cm depth) plots. Cropping and deeper tillage have sigficantly changed the moisture distribution in the soil layers. (4) Irrigation remarkably increased the moisture content in the middle layer (2-3 ft). However, the moisture percentage of each layer was seldom above the level of field capacity, and those of the upper and middle layers were remaining within the available moisture range for a longer period. Meanwhile, the moisture content of the lower layer (2-3 ft) often fell below the wilting point. This may be due to inadequate supply of irrigation water. The moisture change of the soil layers (0-3 ft) during the experiment period, is shown in table 7. The moisture characteristics of the Reddish Brown Latosol; such as the narrow available moisture range, the low moisture holding capacity, the good drainage, the need of frequent irrigation and the easy loss of plant nutrients through leaching were demonstrated in this experiment. II. Amount of irrigation water applied. It was measured that irrigation water applied during the 1st crop (cane) was 19.4 cm, as indicated in table 9, and water needed to raise the moisture content up to the field capacity down to 100 cm depth was 35.2 cm for the same period. On the other hand, irrigation water applied during the 2nd crop (ratoon) was 18.1 cm and water needed was 19.2 cm respectively, as shown in the same table. It may be known that the amount of water applied during the 1st crop was very close to that applied during the 2nd crop and the difference between the amount of water actually used needed during the 2nd crop was very small. III. Growth and yield of cane. (1) Irrigation increased the length of stem and the yield of cane of the two crops and decreased the number of dead stalks up to 5% and 1% significant level respectively, as shown in table 1 and 3. It was observed that the response in the length of stem was manifested in the early period of growth. Significant effect of irrigation was observed neither on the number of stem nor on the standard sugar yield. (table 2 and 3). (2) Fertilizer showed 1% significant effect on the length of stem, the number of stem and the cane yield in both crops but it gave a negative response of 5% significance to the standard sugar yield (table 1, 2 and 3). (3) The differences in length and number of stems as well as the cane yield between the standard fertilizer and double fertilizer plots were insignificant. (4) It was observed that effects of irrigation and deep tillage on cane yield were the greatest in no fertilizer plots, the next was those of the standard fertilizer plots and the least appeared in the double fertilizer plots (table 4). It was observed also that the effect of irrigation on no fertilizer plot was greater in the 2nd crop than in the 1st crop, however, that on the fertilized plots was greater in the 1st than in the 2nd. This nay be explained by the decrease of fertility in no fertilizer plots during the 2nd cropping, and the lower fertility of the fertilized plots during the 1st cropping comparing to that of the 2nd cropping. (5) It was found that the percentage of increase in cane yield at different levels of fertilizer treatment decreased with following order (table 5): No irrigation, ordinary tillage; No irrigation, deep tillage; Irrigation, ordinary tillage; Irrigation, deep tillage. This order was demonstrated more clearly in the 2nd crop. It may be concluded that irrigation and tillage treat ment jointly diminished the response of fertilizer. (6) The coordinated application of fertilizer, irrigation and deep tillage brought the maximum yield of cane, but deep tillage without fertilizer decreased the yield and ordinary tillage without ferilizer diminished the yield even more (table 6). |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。