頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 一期糊仔甘蔗之研究=Studies on the Spring Paddy Sugarcane in Taiwan |
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作者 | 張灝; 林汝見; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷期 | 29 民49.03 |
頁次 | 頁44-52 |
關鍵詞 | 糊仔甘蔗; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
英文摘要 | The cane interplanted into paddy with the spring crop of rice before the flowering stage is called "Spring Paddy Sugarcane". It may bring two crops together on the same field for a certain period. This is the most intensive method of sugarcane cultivation and it is a new system in the sugar world which has been successful in field experiments of the Taichung Sugarcane Improvement Station, T.S.C. In this paper there are reported the experimental results; response to the variety, planting method, planting time, spacing, growth habits and maturity etc. The main points embodied in this report and the cultivation method of Spring Paddy Sugarcane are summarized as follows: Ⅰ. The description of the cultivation of Spring Paddy Cane: (1) Under this new system the farmer may produce one crop of rice with one crop of cane within one year. It is the most effective method to shorten the growing period of sugarcane. (2) The experimental results show that within one year in the same field, a yield of about 4,000 kgs. of hulled rice and 120-160 tons of millable cane with 12.5-13% of available sugar in the cane could be obtained per hectare. (3) The rice Bon-Lai-Dau (Oryza sative L. subsp. Japonica) and early maturing variety of cane H 37-1933 are best adapted for spring interplanting. (4) The rice should be planting with seedling sett at the early in Feb. and havested before the early in June. (5) Saving one row alternately in every four rows of rice for the cane planting the distance between two rows of cane is 120 cm. (6) At the end of March or early in April, about 50 days before the rice is harvested, the water must be drained off of the field in order to dry the soil for 2-3 days. Then the soil of the row where cane is to be planted should be hilled up to one side as a bed for planting the cane. The height and width of the bed should be about one inch and 30 cm. respectively. (7) The tops of canes for milling with 3-5 buds are used as seed piece for spring interplanting with rice at a rate of 22,000-26,000 per hectare and 30 cm. apart from each other. (8) During the milk stage of rice grains. it is very necessary to press the rice row sidewise beside the cane for developing the tillering of the cane in sunshine. After pressing over the rice row, then the next step is dressing with 100 kgs. of ammonium sulfate per hectare for cane. (9) At the end of May or early June after the harvest of rice, the rice stubbles are plowed under with a hoe (Plate 6) or a cultivator drawn by buffalo in order to prevent any damage by borers. Furrows are dug along side of the cane row about 60 cm. wide. About 20,000 kgs. of compost and 1,000 kgs. of ammonium sulfate, 500kgs. of superphosphate, 200 kgs. of murite are added for top dressing. Afterwards, general procedures, such as tillage, irrigation, drainage and hilling are carried on in the same way as when the cane along is planted. (10) Interplanting cane in the spring rice field has no significant effect upon the yield of rice. Ⅱ. The experimental results: (1) The cane variety--Fifteen field experiments concerning the varietal test of Spring Paddy Sugarcane have been conducted in the past six years. The experimental data (See table 1) shows that the growth of quickly and early maturing variety H 37-1933 is the best variety of Spring Paddy Sugarcanes. (2) The planting time of cane --(a) Experimental results in the past four years have shown (See Table 2, 3, 4) that the suitable time and planting method for interplanting cane in the spring rice field of the Taichung District is around the early part of April or one half month before the harvest of rice, using the horizonal planting with a small bed. (b) Planting seed cane with 5 buds in flooded paddy field is another method of planting of Spring Paddy Sugarcane. Seed pieces are inserted in water two or more days after the transplanting of seedlings of rice. two buds of the five were inserting into soil and can not germinate, but two or three over the soil surface may germinate and grow. But due to the shading of rice row and increased growth of primary stalk with more dead lateral shoots of early tillering, thus the yield of cane is not any more than that planted in early or the middle of April as is demonatrated by three years of exprimental data (See Table 3). (c) The suitable companion cropping period of rice and sugarcane is about 50-55 days thus the sugarcane interplanted in the spring rice is around the early or middle part of April and the time of harvesting of rice is about the end of May. (3) The spacing of cane-- No significant difference has been found between single row planting and double row planting with a spacing of 1.2 m. apart (See Table 5), there is also no significant difference between 20,000 or 30,000 seed pieces used per hectar. (4) The character of tillering--(a) The important tillering period of the Spring Paddy Cane is from June to July, about 20 days to one month after the harvesting of rice (See Table 7). (b) There are about 16.7% of primary stalks, 54.7% of secondary stalks and 28.6% of tertiary stalks in the components of millable cane of Spring Paddy Sugarcane (See Table 8). (c) The length and the diameter of the stalks and the total amount of tillering of Spring Paddy Sugarcane are always shorter, thinner and less than that of fall planting but the former have lower percentage of dead stalks and higher number of harvested stalks per hectare, which is about 20% more than the later (See Table 7, 8). (5) The growth habit--(a) The greatest rate of stalk elongation of the Spring Paddy Sugarcane occurs in July, August and September and total stalk elongation in those three months is about 197.3 cm. which contribute approximately 67.9-68.5% of the total length of the stalk (See Table 9). And the largest stalk elongation in one month is the 86.4 cm. (Average of 3 years) of August which is about equal to the 30% of the total length of the stalk. That shows the quick growth of Spring Paddy Sugarcane in the few months after the harvest of rice is the main factor of the good yield of cane. (b) Comparing the average daily growth rate of the elongation of cane stalk shows that the Spring Paddy Sugarcane is about 41% greater than that of fall planted cane (See Table 10). (c) About 20 of the total length comes from the continuous elongation of cane stalk after October (See Table 9) which is another reason for the good yield of Spring Paddy Sugarcane. (6) Sugar content of Spring Paddy Sugarcane--The maturity period of Spring Paddy Sugarcane is later than fall planted cane because the continuous growth of the former is longer than the later. Until the beginning of February, the percentage of sugar content of Spring Paddy Sugarcane is about equal to that of the fall planted cane (See Table 11) and February is the best adapted harvesting time of Spring Paddy Sugarcane and just suitable for the planting time of the next crop of spring rice in the same field. (7) Heavy application of fertilizer (chemical fertilizer or compost) has significant effect on increasing the yield of Spring Paddy Cane (See Table 6). (8) Spring Paddy Cane interplanted with vegetable melon or seed melon is the good double interplanting system of paddy field. With this new interplanting system about 3.4-5.9% of cane yield would be reduced but about 5.87 of net profit could be obtained (See Table 12). |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。