頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 嘉南地區的旱作灌概=Irrigation of Upland Crops in the Chin-Nan Area |
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作者 | 張建勛; Chang, Kent F.; |
期刊 | 中華農學會報 |
出版日期 | 19620300 |
卷期 | 37 民51.03 |
頁次 | 頁10-14 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 嘉南地區; 旱作灌溉; |
英文摘要 | The service area of the Chia-nan irrigation district in southern Taiwan is approximately 150,000 ha.. In large portion of the district, a three years rotational irrigation system is being practiced. The three years rotational irrigation system mean that in every three years, 30 inches of irrigation water is given to one crop of rice, 9 inches of water to one crop of sugar cane and none for upland crops grown in rest of the time. Since one crop of rice takes approximately 100 days out of the three years, it is to easy that in Chia-nan district area, more than 90% of the land were upland crops which received either insufficient amount of water such as in sugar cane or none at all for other crops. Though Taiwan have approximately 2,000 mm. of annual rainfall, there are a long dry season in the winter months and in early spring. Since crops grow throughout the year, it must have suffered from water shortage during the dry season. It is highly possible that the age old three years rotational irrigation system is in need of read justment in order to suit our present and future trend of agricultural developments. In order to determine the feasibilities of upland crops irrigation from an economic standpoint, irrigation experiments of upland crops were carried out in the Chia-nan area and in Taiwan University Farm. From one autumn crop of peanut grown in Chia-nan indicated that one irrigation of 70 mm. at 80 days seeding will increase the yield by 20%. In also indicated in general that autumn crops grown in Chia-nan area will not need irrigation in its early part of growth due to the fact that moisture stored in the soil following the summer rainny season. This finding urge further investigation of rainfall and its distribution in the Chia-nan area in order to determine the proper time in strating irrigation for autumn crops grown in different soils. An experiment of upland rice irrigation conducted in a lysimeter in Taiwan University indicated that the crop shown much greater respond to irrigation water. Upland rice stands a much higher level of soil moisture and yield increase accordingly. Plot with a soil moisture condition which would not affect much the yield of peanut have seriously affected not only the yield of upland rice but also delay the harvesting time by two weeks. Another experiment of sweet potato irrigation carried out in the University Farm point out an interesting problem of ground water influence. The high ground water table in the University Farm render the irrigation treatments useless. Only slight difference is shown both in the yield of sweet potato and the top growth. But in the peanut experiment, ground water stands only little over one meter but not affect soil moisture observations. In rice growing area, deep percolation from the rice field contributed great deal to the rising of ground water table in the neighboring land. A 50 cm. flutuation of ground water table may easily resulted from nearby rice field irrigation which may turn out to be a governing factor in the determination of irrigation requirement in some particular area. The prolem of ground water may be a very complicated matter in need of further studies. The change of irrigation system and crop pattern will affect future irrigation planning. It is suggested that irrigation experiments be carried on in order to determine the proper time and amount of water require by various upland crops grown in the Chia-nan area. |
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