頁籤選單縮合
| 題 名 | 論應用土產赤眼卵寄生蜂與輸入天蠍防治甘蔗螟蟲之效果=An Efficient Criticism of Utilizing Indigenous Egg Parasites (Trichogramma minutum and Trichogramma australicum) and Introducin Parasites for Controlling the Sugarcane Borers |
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| 作 者 | 陳金璧; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
| 卷 期 | 44 民52.12 |
| 頁 次 | 頁1-8 |
| 關鍵詞 | 土產赤眼卵寄生蜂; 甘蔗螟蟲; 天蠍; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 英文摘要 | There are five species of moth borer attacking sugarcane in Taiwan since their occurrences overlep, and the cost of chemical control prohibits its application on the long-term sugarcane crop, no promising method of control has as yet been found. The larviparasite, Lixophaga diatraeae, was first introduced from Louisiana in 1955. During 1956 to June of 1961, parasites auch as Lixophaga diatraeae, Metagonistylum minense, Paratheresia claripalpis and Bassus stigmaterus were introduced from Trinidad and Venezula for propagation and liberation to control the sugarcane borers. The grain moth, Brachmia modicella, larva was used for rearing Cuban fly, Lixophaga diatraeae, in laboratory instead of borer host. According to the results from 1958~1963 of five-year liberation for controlling sugarcane borers in Taiwan, Cuban fly has proved itself to be able to parasitize on Chilotraea infuscatella. Its parasitization efficiency was up to 32.6%, but averaging only of 6%. Although Cuban fly has been proven of its ability for contrilling Chilotraea infuscatelta, in Taiwan, the cultural practice of hill-up of soil decreases the efficiency of this control because the soil would bury the borer hole on the cane stem, and prevent the Cuban fly from entering to deposite its lavae at the borer hole. Moreover, after parasitizing the borers, the adult Cuban flies can not crawl out from the cane, and die. This decreases its efficiency. In the fall from August of 1961 to 1963, several new parasites of Isotima javensis, Rhaconotus scirpophagae, Goniozus indicus, Bracon hebetor and Sturmiopsis inferens were introduced from India. Ichneumonid wasp, Isotima javensis, was inexistent in Taiwan, before 1961. This parasite was developed in our labortory, and released in 28 plantations. After liberation, it was recovered in 14 plantations. The population of top borers were destroyed by this parasite with maximum of 37%, averaging of 10%. Bethylid wasp, Goniozus indicus, parasitical to Chilotraea infuscatella, and Dexiid fly, Sturmiopsis inferens, parasitical to Sesamia inferens, have been developed in our laboratory, and begun to release into the sugarcane fields. They for controlling the Sesamia inferens and Chilotraea infuscatella are hopeful. Besides, other parasites were after introduced without success. The Trichogramma australicum is a minute wasp commonly occurring in the cane fields of Taiwan. It is an egg parasite of certain sugarcane borers such as Eucosma schistaceana, Chilotraea infuscatella and Proceras sacchariphagus. During February, 1948, the writer collested a number of natural parasitized eggs of Eucosma schistaceana from the cane fields outside Pingtung. After emergence of the adults in the laboratory, the writer used the grain moth eggs as their hosts for the mass production of the adult wasps. The latter were liberated in the cane field for the control of the borer eggs. This experiment had been repeated more than 8 years with good results. And from 1957~1960, this wasp had been liberated to 2000 hectares, and one hectare was got about 40,000 individuals (Table 1) for control of the sugarcane borers in Cheesan Sugar Factory. In 1960 according to the records, the bored cane stalks in the liberated plantations were 62% less than in the checks, and the bored cane joints in liberated plantations were 80% less than in the checks (Table 2). It was very efficient for control of the surgarcane borers. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。