頁籤選單縮合
| 題 名 | 原子能在臺灣農作物品種改良上之應用情形=The Use of Radiation in Taiwan in the Improvement of Crop Varieties |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 鄭仲孚; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
| 卷 期 | 21 民47.03 |
| 頁 次 | 頁65-69 |
| 關鍵詞 | 原子能; 農作物; 品種改良; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 英文摘要 | The use of radiation in inducing mutations and in improving crop varieties has opened up a new field in peaceful uses of atomic energy. In the United States and Canada, a number of new varieties of wheat, barley, oats and peanut have been selected from irradiated material of X-rays and thermal neutrons. In Taiwan, several varieties of rice, barley and sweet potato have been treated locally with X-rays and several varieties of rice, peanut and soybean have been sent to the Brookhaven National Laboratory in U.S. for thermal neutron and X-ray treatments. Although most of the experiments are still in the preliminary stage, some favorable results already obtained are enough for further selection and for plant breeders to work with in combination breeding. Here are some of the test results on rice, barley, sweet potato, peanut and soybean: Rice: Some of plants developed from X-ray irradiated seeds showed early maturity, dense kernels, stiff straws, tall or short stalks, and disease resistance. Of seeds treated at Brookhaven, preliminary results indicated that radiation affects the growth of plants. Some sterile and dwarf types were found. The experiments are being continued. Barley: No significant difference in germination was found between treated and untreated seeds. Plants from seeds receiving heavier does from X-ray were however poorer in growth, fertility and seed setting, but, when certain optimum does was applied, it brought certain benefical effect. The yield of plots with 6,400γ and 1,600γ was heavier than that of the control. Sweet potato: One of the treated plants was found to mature earlier and yield better than the original variety, and another developed a light red skin from the original white skin tubers. Peanut: Preliminary results from the first irradiated generation indicated that radiation has certain detrimental effect on germination, growth and fertility of plants. The effect was greater with thermal neutrons than with X-rays and was in proportion to the length of exposure and the intensity of does used. However, radiation did create variability for selection. Some plants from thermal neutron or X-ray treated seeds were found to be more productive than the control. Soybean: Radiation did not affect the germination of treated seeds, but it delayed in certain extent the flowering and maturing period of plants. Some plants were found to produce more pods than the control, though many others were partially sterile and not as productive as the latter. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。