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來源資料
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題 名 | 中共低工資制之政策分析(1958-1984)=The Policy Analysis of Low-wage System in China(1958-1984) |
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作 者 | 孫煒; | 書刊名 | 社會文化學報 |
卷 期 | 9 1999.12[民88.12] |
頁 次 | 頁125-150 |
分類號 | 556.11 |
關鍵詞 | 低工資制; 政策規劃; 政策執行; 政策團體; Low wage system; Policy formulation; Policy implementation; Policy group; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 中共自建立政權以來,經由嚴密的統制經濟體制,牢牢地掌握了國家經濟發展與人民生計,來貫徹黨和國家的政策方針。而中共在統制經濟體制的基礎上形成的工資體制也是典型的極權型工資體制,對於中共工資體制最具影響力的政策乃是「低工資制」,此一政策在一九五八年以來即深刻地影響了工資體制的發展與變革,直至一九八○年代中期,因配合中共經濟上的改革開放路線,才將市場機制的觀念和運作逐漸引入工資體制。本文擬採用「政策過程的歷史分析」的研究途徑,由政策規劃與政策執行的觀點探討中共低工資制的意涵和發展。低工資制在政策規劃階段是以按勞分配為其基本原則,並採用工資等級、按件計酬和獎勵制度為型式,冀以達成預期的政策目標。但回顧低工資制的執行過程,歷經數次重大的曲折反覆,由表面看來,職工平均工資呈現穩定低平的趨勢。但低工資制的按勞分配的基本原則及工資等級、按件計酬、獎勵制度等工資型式卻屢遭破壞,成為中共內部意識型態衝突及政治派系鬥爭的藉口及因經濟環境的變遷而遭到扭曲。這種將工資體制與政策予以「政治化」而忽視工資的經濟槓桿作用的現象,使得長期以來,中國大陸的工資僅能保障職工及其所供養人口的基本生活需要,而無法達成工資調節勞動力流向與激勵工作動機的職能。 |
英文摘要 | The Communism China, since establishing reign, through strict command economy, it has firmly controlled the national economic development and people's livelihood, to thoroughly practice the policy guidelines of party state. However, the wage system formed on the basis of ruling economic institution is also a typical mighty type of totalitarian wage system. The most influential policy on the wage system of Communism China is "low wage system" which has deeply influenced the development and innovation of wage system since 1957. Until mid 1980's, due to compliance with innovation opening route of the Communism China, the concept and operation of market mechanism has been gradually induced into wage system. This Paper intends to apply "the historical analysis of policy process" approach, from the viewpoint of policy formulation and policy implementation to discuss the connotation and development of low wage system of the Mainland China. Low wage system in policy formulation stage is to base on labor allocation as its basic principle, by adopting wage grade, piece work compensation and incentive system as model, attempting to realize the projected policy objective. But in review of the implementation process of low wage system, through several times of major turnover, from superficial aspect, it seems the mean wage of employees shows a stable and low tendency. But the basic principle of low wage system in labor allocation and such wage model as wage grade, piecework compensation, incentive, etc. have been damaged again and again, becoming excuses of internal consciousness mode conflict and political sector conformation of the Communism China and being distorted under transition of economic environment. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。