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題 名 | 什麼是族群身份?--三種不同取徑的提出和討論=What is Ethnic Identity?--A Discussion of Three Approaches to the Study of Identity Experiences |
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作 者 | 李廣均; | 書刊名 | 社會文化學報 |
卷 期 | 9 1999.12[民88.12] |
頁 次 | 頁67-94 |
分類號 | 546.5 |
關鍵詞 | 身份(認同); 社會情境; 個人差異; 族群顯著程度; Identity; Situationality; Individual difference; Ethnic saliency; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文提出三個不同但可互相補充的取徑來討論族群身份此一概念的意涵。第一,本文認為身份的選擇與表現是一場即興演出,行動者會根據社會情境和互動對象來表現自己適當的身份。初級身份和次級身份是身份經驗的兩種原型,各有不同的情境表現和行動意義。初級身份提供個人內在情感的滿足和社會生活上的歸屬感,儀式性活動的參與是最常見的情境表現。次級身份則是一種手段不是目的,最常表現在印象經營之中。第二,族群身份的意涵也必須反映個人差異。個人的價值信念、生命經驗會影響初級身份的選擇,外在特徵則會限制個人次級身份的演出。歷史脈絡暨社會結構因素的影響是第三個取徑。本文認為,族群身份的重要性是一需要被解釋的變數,不是固定不變的常數。影響族群顯著程度的因素包括權力關係的改變、國族主義意識型態的競爭、人口比例、組織型態、資源分配、政治菁英的動員等。 |
英文摘要 | This paper presents a discussion of three approaches for the study of human identity experiences. Situationality, individual differences and historical-structural saliency constitute the three analytical perspectives. First, situationality approach emphasizes that invocation of self-identity is a situational improvisation. The way people present themselves in social gatherings is constantly evaluated by the actor and varies according to the parties involved. Second, the approach of individual differences presumes that ethnic identity is one, not the, identity choice, and that individual identity experience is determined by individual socio-demographic chacracteristcs such as generation, gender, education, physical traits etc. Third, the approach of historical-structural saliency emphasizes the conditions bearing on ethnic salience, which is defined as the degree of significance that people of different ethnic groups attribute to ethnic category, compared with other social collectivities such as gender, class, religion etc., as the major principle of political and social organization. These conditions include nationalistic (re)-construction, demographic composition, uneven development, elite competition etc. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。