頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 狂犬病--仍在滋生而難以根除的人畜共通傳染病=Rabies--An Emerging and Difficult Eradicable Zoonotic Disease |
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作 者 | 王炯辰; 周晉澄; | 書刊名 | 動物園學報 |
卷 期 | 11 1999.06[民88.06] |
頁 次 | 頁71-85 |
分類號 | 437.246 |
關鍵詞 | 狂犬病; 恐水病; 人畜共通傳染病; Rabies; Zoonotic disease; Hydrophobia disease; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 狂犬病是一種古老、致命且難纏的人畜共通傳染病。目前對狂犬病的控制方法主 要是經由動物宿主的免疫,然而至今世界各地仍不時有新的病例發生。本文旨在探討狂犬病 病毒的特性、流行病學史、傳播與致病機制、診斷、疫苗、檢疫、研究與控制等,以供非疫 區的台灣應如何防範狂犬病入侵之參考。對動物狂犬病病例而言,在已開發的國家中,主要 是發生在野生動物,而開發中或未開發國家則狗仍佔多數。對人的病例而言,將近一半的病 例感染源無法獲知,已知的部份,狗仍是最主要的禍首,但是蝙蝠佔美國病例半數之強。由 於動物感染型態明顯的由家畜轉為野生動物,加上過多無法證實的感染源,及仍近百分之百 的死亡率,對此病的預防與控制則要積極主動。狂犬病的潛伏期長,檢疫必須徹底,走私必 須杜絕,而臺灣各動物園應對各種廣泛可感染與帶源的野生動物要努力防範,以阻絕病源的 發生與傳播。 |
英文摘要 | Rabies is a fatal contagious zoonotic disease. The prevention and controlling policy for rabies today is mainly through vaccination of animal host. However, new emerging cases still erupt all the time. This article discussed the characteristics of rabies virus, epidemiology, transmission, etiology, diagnostic methodology, vaccine application, quarantine requirement, research and control strategies, etc. Taiwan, a country free of rabies, was token as on example for preventing the invasion of the disease in this text. Wild animals are the source of rabies in developed countries, but countries, but conine is the main one in developing and under-developed countries. The exposure source can not be defined for almost half of the fatal human robies. For those known transmission vectors, dog is the main source of exposure, However, bat was identified as the most possible exposure source (53%) in United States. Since the infected hosts are changing from domestic animals to wildlife animals and the exposure source for the majority fatal cases could not be identified, we need on active surveillance system to prevent and control this fatal disease in Taiwan, Due to a long incubation period of rabies, on efficient quarantine must be taken to prevent robies invosion and zoos must pay attention on their captivity animals. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。