頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 萊豆炭疽病的病原、侵染過程及其藥劑篩選=Causal Agent, Pathogenesis and Fungicide Screening of Lima Bean Anthracnose |
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作者 | 郭克忠; 李祈益; 江淑幸; 鄭尤琇; | 書刊名 | 植物保護學會會刊 |
卷期 | 41:4 1999.12[民88.12] |
頁次 | 頁265-275 |
分類號 | 434.2 |
關鍵詞 | 萊豆; 炭疽菌; 侵染行為; 藥劑篩選; Lima bean; Anthracnose; Infection behavior; Fungicide screening; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 萊豆(Phaseolus limensis Macf.)炭疽病係由彎曲形炭疽菌引起,依Andrus and Moore (1935),本菌應為 Colletotrichum truncatum。形態上本菌與C. dematium及C. capsici無法區別;但與甘蔗赤腐病菌C. falcatum、百合炭疽菌C. liliacearum、禾本科炭疽菌C. graminicola有明顯差異。病原性測定發現自萊豆分得之炭疽菌僅能感染萊豆,卻無法感染紅豆(P. angularis)、四季豆(P. vulgaris)、綠豆(Vigna radiata)、豇豆(V. sinensis)、及豌豆(Pisum sativum)等其它豆類。從辣椒、甜椒、莧菜、甘蔗、百合及大扁雀麥上分得之彎曲形炭疽菌接種萊豆均無法造成典型病徵,僅有自萊豆分得者能造成典型病徵,由此知本菌的分類以C. dematium f. truncatum訂之較為適合。本菌之發芽受孢子外黏質物的抑制,但若環境適合,孢子發芽後6小時內便可形成附著器,並在侵入寄主初期僅在細胞間隙生長,少進入寄主細胞內。本病發病極為迅速,未見潛伏感染現象,自接種至發病僅需約60-65小時,且表現明顯的發育抗病性,因此本菌是研究感染過程很好的模式。溫室內篩選8種藥劑對本病的防治效果,發現乙唑類殺菌劑撲克拉對本病兼具有預防及治療效果,丙唑類殺菌劑三泰芬則僅有部份之保護效果但不具治療效果。Strobilurins類如克收欣及亞托敏,黑色素抑制劑三賽唑及呼吸作用抑制劑護汰寧則只有保護效果卻無治療效果。誘導抗病劑acibenzolar及生物製劑Bacillus subtilis (BSY1336)對本病防治效果不彰。 |
英文摘要 | Lima bean (Phaseolus limensis Macf.) anthracnose, caused by a falcate Colletotrichum, was recorded in Taiwan for the first time. Based on Andrus and Moore (1935), it was identified as C. truncatum. The fungus was then compared with other flacate Colletotrichum species such as C. dematium, and C. capsici revealing no morphological difference among them. However, C. truncatum was easily differentiated from other falcate species such as C. falcatum, C. iliacearum and C. graminicola. Pathogenecity tests undertaken by using C. truncatum collected from lima bean indicated that all tested isolates could not attack other leguminous plants such as P. angularis, P. vulgaris, Vigna radiata, V. sinensis, and Pisum sativum. In addition, inoculation tests conducted on lima bean failed when using other falcate Colletotrichum such as C. dematium, C. falcatum, C. liliacearum, C. capsici and C. graminicola. The results indicated that, among the tested falcate Colletotrichum, only C. truncatum was pathogenic to lima beans. Thus, the morphological characteristics and host range revealed that this fungus should be more appropriately identified as C. dematium f. truncatum. The fungus germinated and formed appressorium within 6 hours under a given environment by using a two-step method. On its host, the fungus developed intercellularly after its penetration and, eventually, the host cells collapsed. The disease cycle took about 60-65 hours to develop symptoms and showed no latent infection. Fungicide screening tests by using pot plants and fungicides with different mode of actions showed that prochloraz, triadimefon, tricyclazole, azoxystrobin, kresoxim methyl, and fludioxonil, had protective effect. Among them, only prochloraz had curative effect. Both acibenzolar and Bacillus subtilis Y1336 performed poorly against this disease. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。