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頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 臺灣薏苡黑穗病之發生及病原特性初步研究=The Occurrence of Smut Disease on Coix Lachryma-Jobi L. and Some Physiological Characteristics of the Causal Agent Ustilago Coicis |
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作者 | 陳俊位; 周俊吉; 張盈盈; 葉瑩; 曾德賜; Chen, C. W.; Chou, C. C.; Chang, Y. Y.; Yeh, Y.; Tzeng, D. D.; |
期刊 | 植物病理學會刊 |
出版日期 | 19990900 |
卷期 | 8:3 1999.09[民88.09] |
頁次 | 頁95-102 |
分類號 | 434.198 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 薏苡; 黑穗病; 薏苡黑穗病菌; 品種抵抗性; Job's tears millet; Smut; Ustilago coicis; Varietal resistance; |
中文摘要 | 薏苡黑穗病罹病之花器與葉片肥大、畸形; 罹病雄蕊及雌蕊在末期會被病原袍 子堆取代,在受害花器雄蕊上形成之冬袍子堆為圓錐形,大小 2-4mm,雌蕊則為 4,14mm。 危害初期袍子堆外皮呈淡綠色至深綠色,末期呈紅褐色至褐色。冬袍子圓形或橢圓形,黃褐 色, 表面有刺,直徑介於 7.5, 15 μ m 之間(平均 12.8 μ m )。 本病原菌經鑑定為 Ustilagocoicis。從 1995 年夏天到 1996 年春天兩個薏苡栽培季節,調查主要栽培品種“ 台中選育一號”黑穗病發病情形,結果發現夏作蕙玟黑穗病嚴重田發病率可高達 23 %,翌 年同區域蕙玟種植田春作發病則僅為 4 %。 罹病率在溫度達 28 ℃時有促進發病之現象。 所搜集之冬袍子發芽溫度在 28-36 ℃之間,發芽適溫在 32 ℃, 超過此溫度其發芽明顯受 抑制。 光照可明顯促進發芽。 厚膜胞子在水分潛勢高於 -5bar 以上,發芽率提高, 而在 -13 bars 以下則明顯被抑制。 調查尾花澤在來種、岡山在來種、台中選育一號、台中選育 五號、紅殼之馬援種及泰國種等蕙苡品種對黑穗病之抗感病性,其中以台中選育一號最為感 病( 23 %),以馬援種最為抗病( 1 %), 防治上應用抗病親本作為育種材料為具有發 展潛力之方向。 |
英文摘要 | The coix smut disease symptoms included the conspicuous smut gall of staminate and pistillate tissues were both totally replaced by smut fungal sori the inflorescence and the hypertrophic malformation on leaves. The infested at the later stage of disease development. The infected staminates were conical and 2-4 mm in diameter and pistillates were 4-14 mm. The sori were pale to dark green in color at the initial stage, which turned to brownish black and contained mainly a mass of teliospore. The teliospore were dark brown, round or ellipsoidal and 7.5-15 μ m (mean 12.8 μ m) in diameter; the surface was a serrate appearance with minute echinulations. The morphological and pathological characteristics indicated that the causal agent is Ustilago coicis Bref. as that described by Small (1927). From summer of 1995 to spring of 1996, which covers 2 construtive crop seasons of coix cultivation, disease survey on smut incidence of Job's tear millet in cultivated field were conducted. On Taichung @Sen-Yu No. I, one of the main cultivars cultivated in Taiwan, the smut infection appeared to be more severe among summer crops as compared to that among spring crops. The disease severity of summer crops reached approximately 23% at the late stage of crop season; whereas that of spring crops was only 4 %. The disease incidence coincided well with the timing whilst daily temperature reached 28 ℃. The smut teliospores collected from the field germinated well at temperature ranged from 28 to 36 ℃, with the optimum at 32 ℃. Beyond this range, the teliospore germination was greatly inhibited. The provision of light illumination greatly stimulated the germination. Moreover the spore germinate well at water potential greater than @5 bars whereas its was greatly inhibited below @ 10 bars. Other than Taichung-Sen-Yu No.5, Obanazawa Native, Okayama Native, Mayuen and Thailand cvs.were also examined during the experiment peroid. Among them, Taichung-Sen- Yu No. I appeared to be most susceptible, while Mayuen was most resistant. Consequently, the application of the resistant cultivar or as breeding sources will be worth for the disease control. |
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