頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 蒸氣與藥劑處理栽培介質對百合黃化枯萎之影響=Effect of Steam and Chemicals for Cultural Substrate on Yellowing and Wilt Symptom on Lily |
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作 者 | 陳任芳; | 書刊名 | 花蓮區農業改良場研究彙報 |
卷 期 | 17 1999.12[民88.12] |
頁 次 | 頁43-52 |
分類號 | 435.456 |
關鍵詞 | 百合; 土壤傳播性病害; 蒸汽消毒; 殺蟍劑; 水楊酸; Lily; Soil-borne disease; Steam pasteurization; Mites; Acaricide; Salicylic acid; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 百合 (Lilium hybridium Hort.) 在栽培上常遭遇之困難主要係因連作及自留種球,而引起植株黃化萎凋之土壤傳播性病害,在防治上因無適當對策,常淪於浮濫施藥,但藥效不彰。本試驗以蒸氣消毒法配合藥劑灌注進行介質及種球浸漬處理,尋求可減少該等病害發生的模式,探討其可行性。一般種植前栽培介質所含主要傳播性病原經調查有 Pythium spinosum、Phytophthora parasitica、Rhizoctonia solani及Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lilii 等菌,此類病原菌可單獨或複合感染百合,引起植株黃化萎凋、以及種球或心芽腐爛。而根蟎亦會造成植株黃化萎凋的症狀。本試驗以溫度80℃蒸汽處理栽培介質30分鐘,結果消毒後之介質未測得病原菌,使百合植株黃化枯死率平均由16.3-25.6%降至1.9-3.7%。在Ciana品系上,介質蒸氣消毒配合種球浸漬或介質灌注藥劑之處理效果顯著,其中以種球種植前以25%新殺蟎EC 4000倍浸30分鐘的效果最為顯著持久。栽培介質未經蒸汽消毒處理,但種球經浸漬或栽種後介質灌注藥劑亦均能將發病率由10.4-17.0%降至1.5-7.4%。在Jolanda品系上,栽培介質經蒸汽消毒處理者可將發病率由11.1-36.3%降至0-4.4%。而百合植株黃化萎凋亦有隨著根蟎數量增減的趨勢。Ciana種球經水楊酸處理可提早發芽,生育後期葉部灰黴病發生較少,對百合黃化枯死的防治效果則與其他藥劑處理差異不大。Ciana的花苞形成率至收穫時可達百分之百,但經水楊酸處理則植株較矮,葉色稍偏黃,花朵數亦較少,可能係因種球浸漬處理造成藥害之故。 |
英文摘要 | There are no suitable methods and effective chemicals to control the yellowing and wilt disease caused by soil-borne pathogens on lily (Lilium hybridium Hort). It often made some difficulties in the cultivation because of the practices of continuous cropping and surviving bulbs. Steam pasteurization and chemical treatments were adopted to solve the problem in this study. The pathogens including Pythium spinosum, Phytophthora parasitica, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lilii were detected on bulbs and substrate before planting, that would infect the lily singly or complexly, and caused the symptoms of yellowing, wilt, and bulb or bud rot. Besides, the bulb mites also cause the yellowing symptom. No pathogens were detected after the substrate treated with steam pasteurization (80℃, 30min). The result showed that steam pasteurization reduced the yellowing incidences on lily from 16.3-25.6% to 1.9-3.7%. The rate of yellowing incidences on cultivar Ciana was significantly reduced by cultural subsrate pasteurization and bulb soaking with 25%Bromopropylate E.C. (1:4000; 30 min.) before planting. The rate of yellowing incidences on cultivar Jolanda was also reduced from 11.1-36.3% to 0-4.4% by substrate steam pasteurization. The yellowing incidence and the population size of bulb-mites are positively co-related. The bulbs of cultivar Ciana germinated earlier when treated with salicylic acid, and the leaf spot incidences were less than other treatments on the late growth stage. The blooming rate almost reached 100% at harvest on the cultivar Ciana. But, the plant seems to be stunted, the leaf color was more yellow, and the number of flowers was smaller. It indicated that lily bulbs might be damaged by salicylic acid soaking. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。