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題 名 | 清代竹塹地區的商人團體--類型、成員及功能的討論=The Merchant Groups of Chu-ch'ien Area in Ch'ing Taiwan; Some Discussions on Their Types, Members and Functions |
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作 者 | 林玉茹; | 書刊名 | 臺灣史研究 |
卷 期 | 5:1 1998.06[民87.06] |
頁 次 | 頁47-89 |
專 輯 | 北臺灣專號 |
分類號 | 673.212504、673.212504 |
關鍵詞 | 竹塹地區; 塹郊金長和; 商人團體; 在地商人; Chu-ch'ien area; Merchant group; Local merchants; Chin-Ch'ang-ho; Merchants' guild of Chu-ch'ien; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 清代竹塹地區的商人團體有兩種,一種是清末在中港、香山以及九芎林等鄉街 出現的同街鋪戶公記;另一種則是進出口貿易商人所組成的郊。清中葉竹塹城首先出現在 地的商人團體塹郊金長和,光緒年間又陸續出現船戶團體金濟順與腦郊,顯現竹塹地區郊 出現分化現象。但是,相對於區域性大港市,竹塹郊的分化不但極晚才產生,而且郊數不 多,分化較不顯著。 塹郊金長和長期以來是竹塹地區最重要的商人團體,其成員雖然也有大陸商人參與, 但是在地商人仍是塹郊成員的主體。加上,原籍同鄉結社並不明顯,大致上可以視為在地 的同業公會。清中葉以降,塹郊金長和也以組織的力量參與竹塹地區的政治、經濟、宗教 以及社會公益慈善活動。不過,同治末年塹郊抽分權改歸釐金局辦理之後,塹郊功能產生 明顯的轉變。塹郊金長和在社會公益活動的空間縮小後,其運作更集中於興郊本身或與郊 商有關的經濟或宗教事務,而更為專業化、更像一個商業組織,繼續發揮其仲裁商業糾紛 與維護郊商利益的功能。至於原來的社會公益事業,則轉由地方上權有勢的紳商負擔。 |
英文摘要 | There existed two different kinds of merchant groups in the Ch'ing Chu-ch'ien area. The first one was同街鋪戶公記 (common stamp of shops in the same town), which emerged in the village-townships during the late Ch'ing period; for example, Chung-kang中港, Hsiang-shan香山and Chiu-ch'iung-lin九芎林 . The other type of merchant group-Chiao郊 (merchants' guild) -was formed by the merchants who engaged in trade business. The first local merchant group - Ch'ien-chiao Chin-Ch'ang-ho塹郊金長和-appeared at Chu-ch'ien city in Mid- Ch'ing period. Then, Ch'uan-hu-t'uan-ti Chin-chi-shun船戶團體金濟順 (group of junk owners) and Nauchiao腦郊 (guild of camphor merchants) emerged in Kuang-hsu period (1875-1895), and showed the differentiation of the Chu-ch' ien's merchants' guild. For a long time, h'ien-chiao Chin-Ch'ang-ho was the most important merchant group in the Chu-ch'ien area. Some members of merchants' guild in Ch'ien-chiao塹郊came from Mainland China, but the local merchants still played the most important role in this organization. Merchants' guild in Chu-ch'ien participated in political, economic, religious and social-welfare activities. Since the power of collecting dues by merchant's guild in Chu-ch'ien was took over by the Bureau of Li-kin (釐金局 ) in late T'ung-chih period, the functions of merchants' guild in Chu-ch'ien changed dramatically. Merchants' guild in Chu-ch'ien paid most of its concern on the guild's work or economic and religious affairs, while the participation of social-welfare and charity business transmitted to the hands of the powerful local merchant-elite. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。