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題 名 | 國小六年級學童小數知識之研究=Sixth Grade Elementary School Students' Knowledge of Decimal |
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作 者 | 陳永峰; | 書刊名 | 國民教育研究 |
卷 期 | 3 1999.01[民88.01] |
頁 次 | 頁337-373 |
分類號 | 523.343136 |
關鍵詞 | 國小; 舊教材; 實驗教材; 傳統班; 實驗班; 小數知識; Six grade; Elementary school; Decimal knowledge; Old curriculum; New curriculum; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本研究旨在探究國小六年級學童的小數知識,其內容包括:小數的概念、小數的計算和小數的應用等三大部分。小數的概念包括小數意義、化聚、位值、比較大小、稠密性、度量衡單位換算和分數的關係。小數的計算包括小數加法、減法、乘法和除法。小數的應用包括小數加法、減法、乘法和除法文字題。研究對象分別來自於屏東縣市地區實施舊教材的傳統班(76人)和實驗教材的實驗班(73人)各兩個班級,總計149人。以筆試和訪談來蒐集資料,以描述性統計和內容分析法,來瞭解學生在小數問題上的答題表現、常犯錯誤和產生錯誤類型的可能原因。 根據資料分析,本研究的主要結論如下﹕ 一、在小數問題的答題表現﹕ 傳統班和實驗班在小數的概念和小數的計算表現不錯,但在小數的應用則表現略差。在解題策略上,傳統班較單一化,而實驗班則較多樣化。在計算規則上,傳統班只是會運用但實驗班則還能說明其理由。 二、常犯錯誤及其可能的原因: 在小數比較大小上,實驗班可能受「整數法則」、「分數法則」的影響,誤認為0.6<0.54、0.3>0.09>0.385。在度量衡單位小數換算上,傳統班可能不瞭解單位間的關係而將小單位部分視為小數部分,誤認為3公尺7公分=3.7公尺。 在小數乘除法計算上,傳統班學生可能不瞭解計算規則而錯放小數點位置,因此0.03╳2.5的積是0.75、18.5╳0.8的積是148.0,12÷0.94的餘數是72。在小數除法文題上,兩類學生都可能受題中數字大小的影響,將原本是「小數÷大數」的文字題列式為「大數÷小數」(如3.6÷0.9),而忽略題目的意義。 依研究發現提出數點建議以供在小數教學、課程編輯和未來研究等方面之參考。 |
英文摘要 | The study explored sixth grade students' knowledge of decimal on three parts including decimal concept, decimal computation and decimal application. The common errors sixth graders made when working with decimals and the reasons of the errors were also of concern. A written test was administrated to 149 students with two kinds of sixth graders from four classes in two elementary schools in Pingtung. One kind with 76 students were from old curriculum and the other kind with 73 students were from new curriculum (experimental curriculum). Based on the test result, 24 students were selected for an interview with two parts. Data were collected from the written test and interview. Data analysis was a combination of quantity and quality methods. Two kinds of students had good performance in decimal concept and decimal computation, but poor in decimal application. In general, students from old curriculum always used the same strategy to do the same problem, but students from new curriculum could use alternative strategies. Students from old curriculum couldn't explain why rules were used in computation, but students from new curriculum could. In decimal comparison, students from new curriculum influenced by whole number rule or fraction rule thought 0.6 <0.54 or 0.3 > 0.09 > 0.385. In units transformation ,students from old curriculum didn't understand the relations between units, therefore they misread 3 meters 7 centimeters was 3.7 meters. In multiplication and division,, students from old curriculum used wrong rules , therefore they, misplaced decimal point, such as 0.03 ╳ 2.5 was 0.75 - 18.5 ╳ 0.8 was 148.0, the remainder of 12 ÷ 0.94 was 72. In division word problem, two kinds of students influenced by number size thought the divisor had to be less than the dividend. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。