頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 產品生命週期貿易理論在臺灣產業發展之應用=An Application of Trade Theory of Product Life Cycle on the Industrial Development in Taiwan |
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作 者 | 謝寬裕; | 書刊名 | 臺灣土地金融季刊 |
卷 期 | 36:3=141 1999.09[民88.09] |
頁 次 | 頁93-115 |
分類號 | 555.4 |
關鍵詞 | 產品生命週期貿易理論; 產業外移; 產業空洞化; 浴缸原理之產業調整策略; Trade theory of product life cycle; Bathtub theorem; Industry-transfering; Industry-hollowing; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文研究之目的主要是在實證由Raymond Vernon(1996)和Louis T. Wells, Jr. ( 1972 )所提出之「產品生命週期貿易理論」在臺灣產業發展之適用性,結果發現臺灣因 為並非具備產品創新之國家,所以臺灣是處在產品生命週期貿易模型之中間位置,亦即臺灣 經由先進國家如歐、美、日之貿易接觸,將其創新產品引進國內生產,再經由和後進國家如 東南亞、中國大陸之貿易接觸,將這些創新產品產業外移至這些後進國家,而完成先進國家 創新產品在國際間的生產移轉。 回顧臺灣產業發展的過程,自1950年代政府遷臺以來,臺灣即是產品生命週期貿易理論之實 踐國,其引進外國劊新產業後,不但改善了臺灣的產業和貿易結構,成為新興工業化國家, 而且亦維持了臺灣的高經濟成長率。 這種產業結構的轉變表現在臺灣農業佔 GDP 之比率, 從 1953 年之 34.5 %降至 1997 年之 2.7 %; 工業佔 GDP 之比率,從 1953 年之 19.4 %上升至 1986 年最高之 47.1 %, 然後逐年下降至 1997 年之 34.9 %; 服務業佔 GDP 之比率,從 1953 年之 46.2 %上升至 1997 年之 62.4 %。 臺灣貿易結構的轉變則表現在高技術密集度的產品佔進口之比率,已從1982年之61.5%降至 1997 年之 49.9 %; 中技術密集度的產品佔進口之比率, 從 1982 年之 17.3 %提高至 1997 年之 36.6 %;低技術密集度的產品佔進口之比率,從 1982 年之 21.2 %降至 1997 年之 13.5 %。另外,在出口產品結構中,高技術密集度的產品佔出口之比率 |
英文摘要 | This paper tries to testify whether the trade theory of product life cycle proposed by Raymond Vernon (1966) and Louis T Wells, Jr. (1973) can be applied to Taiwan's industrial development or not. It finds that Taiwan has been located on the middle position in the trade model of product life cycle due to its lack of requirements to create new products. It indicates that Taiwan has been introducing the new products innovated by the advanced countries such as USA, EU and Japan, and then transferring them to produce in the lagged countries such as ASEAN and China by means of trade. In retrospect to the process of Taiwan's industrial development, Taiwan has been an important actor in the trade model of product life cycle since 1950s As a result, Taiwan not only Improves its structure of industry and of trade to become a newly industrialized country, but also maintains high rate of economic growth. The change in structure of industry was shown in the fact that the ratio of agriculture to GDP fell from 34.5% in 1953 to 2.7% in 1997; industry to GDP increased from 19.4% in 1953 to the top of 47.1% in 1986 and then decreased to 34.9% in 1997; services to GDP rose from 16.2% in 1953 to 62.4% in 1997. The change in structure of trade reflects on the fact that the imports of high technical-intensive products decrease from 61.5% in 1982 to 49.9% in 1997; middle technical-intensive products increased from 17.3% in 1982 to 36.6% in 1997; low technical-intensive products reduced from 21.1% in 1982 to 13.5% in 1997. On the other hand, exprots of high technical-intensive products increased from 18.3% in 1982 to 39.7% in 1997; middle technical-intensive products increased from 32.6% in 1982 to 41.1% in 1997; low technical-intensive products reduced from 49.4% in 1982 to 19.2% in 1997. In the operating process of trade model of product life cycle, however, the number of Taiwan's inductries transferring abroad has been bigger than those of foreign industries to Taiwan since Taiwan government took the opened policy to China. It reflects on the fact that the net foreign direct investment (FDI inward-FDI outward) was accumulated to-US$ 6.5 billion. Taiwan is, therefore, facing the pressure of industry-hollowing due to too much industries transferring to China. In order to avoid industry-hollowing and improve the structure of industry, government should try to take the strategy of "bathtub theorem" that introduce (inject) high technical industries from the advanced countries on the one hand and tranfer (leakage) traditional industries to the lagged countries on the other hand at least at the same rate to balance industries inward and outward. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。