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頁籤選單縮合
題名 | Effects of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilizers on Seed Maturity and Germination Ability of Sudangrass=氮與鉀肥對蘇丹草種子成熟及發芽力之影響 |
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作者 | 許福星; 洪國源; 顏素芬; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷期 | 186 1999.06[民88.06] |
頁次 | 頁1-14 |
分類號 | 434.4 |
關鍵詞 | 蘇丹草; 肥料; 發芽力; 生長分析; Sorghum sudanense; Fertilizer; Germination ability; Growth analysis; |
語文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 蘇丹草(Sorghum sudanense)係適合臺灣種植生長的短期芻料作物,本試驗目的在 探討氮與鉀肥對蘇丹草種子成熟及發芽力之影響。 蘇丹草臺畜草一號播種後施用三種氮素 100、150 及 200 kg ha �薑峇G種 K �� O 肥 75 及 150 kg ha �薄A及一種 P �� O �礙� 100 kg ha �薄C試驗期間調查開花期、種子產量及千粒重,並將穗分成上、中及下三段,測 定其發芽力及田間生長力測定種子澱粉含量。 發芽試驗時將各種處理的種子置於 12、15、20、25、30 及 35 ℃等六種溫度下發芽,測定其發芽率及發芽速度, 進而評估其 發芽力。同時將採收的種子播於田間,萌芽一週後即取樣作生長分析,每隔一週進行一次, 連續做五次,根據生長分析的資料來評估其萌芽後幼苗生長初期之生長力。蘇丹草的抽穗、 完穗及雄花開花日期均不受肥料處理之影響,蘇丹草萌芽後 49.2 天即開始吐穗,一穗完全 吐出所需日數平均為 6.7 天,雄花於萌芽後 57.2 天才開花, 雄花開花次序是由穗端開始 往下開。然而蘇丹草的吐穗日期很不一致,吐穗開始至結束,前後達 58 天。蘇丹草的穗長 、穗重、千粒重及種子產量等均不受施肥處理的影響,穗長平均為 32.2 cm,穗重 19.07 g ,千粒重為 10.56 g,種子產量為 151.1 gm �插C蘇丹草種子在各種溫度處理下的發芽率均 很高, 除在 12 ℃下平均為 81.6% 外,其餘在 15-35 ℃間,均高達 91% 以上,可見蘇丹 草適應發芽的溫度範圍很廣。其種子澱粉含量隨著施氮量之增加而提高,鉀肥對其澱粉含量 則無影響。下部穗的種子比中及上部者含有較高的澱粉含量,且前者較後者具有較佳的發芽 力。各處理採收的種子在田間初期生長的絕對生長速率 (CGR)、相對生長速率 (RGR)、淨同 化速率 (NAR)、葉片相對生長速率 (RLGR) 及葉面積持續期 (LAD) 等均無顯著性差異, 顯 示蘇丹草種子採收自不同施肥處理及不同部位對其初期生長沒有影響。同時,宿根栽培採收 的穗重、千粒重及發芽力均顯著地減小,因此建議蘇丹草欲採種時,以重新種植者為宜。 |
英文摘要 | Slidangrass (Sorghum sudanense) is a short season forage grass adapted to grow in Taiwan. The objectives of this experiment were to determine effects of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers on seed maturity and germination ability of sudangrass. Seeds of sudangrass Taishi No.l were planted and applied with 3 levels of nitrogen, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha �� and 2 levels of K �� O, 75 and 150 kg ha �� and one level of P �� C ��, 100 kg ha ��. Heading date, seed yield and 1000-seed weight were determined. Seeds in the panicle were divided into three parts, i.e., upper, middle and lower, for germination test and field evaluation. Starch content in the seed was also determined. Germination test was conducted at 12, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 ℃. Final germination percentage, germination rate index and corrected germination rate index were used to evaluate germination ability. Seeds harvested from different fertilizer treatments were planted. The plants were sampled to do growth analysis weekly for 5 weeks beginning at one week after emergence. The dates for the panicle to head, complete heading and the stamen flowering were not affected by different levels of fertilizer. The panicle began to head 49.2 days after emergence (DAE). It took about 6.7 days for the panicle to complete heading. The stamen bloomed 57.3 DAE. It bloomed from the panicle top down to the bottom. The heading date of sudangrass was not uniform lasting over 58 days. Panicle length, weight and 1000-seed weight were not affected by fertilizer treatments. Panincle length was averaged 32.2 cm, panicle weight 19.07 g and 1000-seed weight 10.56 g. Seed yield was 151.1 gm �� rn'. Germination percentages of sudangrass were above 91% for various temperatures except for 12 ℃, averaged 81.6%. Thus, sudangrass could germinate at a wide range of temperatures. Starch content in the seed was increased with increasing level of nitrogen applied and was not affected by potassium fertilizer. The seeds in the lower part of the panicle had higher content of starch than those in middle and upper parts. The former also had higher germination ability than the latter. The crop growth rate |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。