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題名 | Relative Sea-Level Changes in Oligocene to Miocene Strata in Northern Taiwan: A Preliminary Study=臺灣北部漸新世到中新世的相對海水面變化初探 |
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作者 | 游能悌; 鄧屬予; 戴柏青; 俞立凡; | 書刊名 | 中國地質學會會刊 |
卷期 | 42:2 1999.05[民88.05] |
頁次 | 頁189-208 |
分類號 | 356.232 |
關鍵詞 | 漸新世-中新世; 相對海水面; 臺灣北部; 層序地層學; 全球海水準; Oligocene-Miocene; Relative sea-level; Northern Taiwan; Sequence stratigraphy; Global eustacy; |
語文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 臺灣北部的漸新統與中新統矽質碎屑岩層中,區域間的岩相變至為顯著,因此海 進-海退循環的界定不易,數目也常有變化。為了釐清這些濱海-淺海相沈積物中,相對海水 面的變化,在大武崙澳、八斗子與鼻頭角剖面,作者選取連續完整的漸新統至中新統露頭, 進行詳盡的層序地層分析。 在整合的北海岸剖面中,這些岩層的厚度可達3,400公尺,沈積體系可歸納為淺海大陸 棚的環境,海岸區域分布著三角洲與潮坪。依據岩相特徵,可辨識出八種岩相組合,包括外 陸棚、內陸棚、濱面、三角洲前部、三角洲平原、潮下帶潮坪、潮間帶潮坪與潮上帶潮坪, 並根據此建立整個剖面的沈積相序列。藉由突然向盆地中心遷移的岩相變化,也就是層序界 限,整個岩相序列可劃分為19個層序。在陸棚沈積物中,層序界限上下的岩層分別為濱面相 砂岩,與內/外陸棚相的泥質岩層。在濱海相沈積物中,層序界限常伴隨著古土壤面,上下的 岩相變化可從三角洲前部到三角洲平原,或從潮間帶潮坪到潮上帶潮坪。在每一個層序中, 可藉由岩相的向上加積、後退積與外伸加積,分別辨識出低水面、海進與高水面體系域。 整合現有的微體古生物地層資料,整個地質剖面的時間地層架構包含P19-20/21-22、 P21-22/N4、N8/9與NN11/12等4個生物帶界面,以及NN2與N5的共存帶。據此,剖面中的 岩層可分為6個漸新統層序、6個下中新統層序與6個中上中新統層序(O-1~6、EM-1~6與 MLM-1~6)。藉由層序界限與體系域,各層序中的岩相序列可轉換成相對海水面變化,包括突 然下降、緩慢上升、急刻上升與逐漸下降等四部份,據此,整個剖面可辨識出18個海進-海 退循環,其中層序MLM-2底部具有顯著的沈積間斷。比較本剖面的相對海水面曲線與全球海 水準,這18個海進-海退循環可與百萬年的升降變化一一對比,因此在這些岩層的堆積過程 中,全球海水準的變化是主要的控制因素。 |
英文摘要 | Owing to remarkable facies changes, the definition of transgression-regression cycles in Oligocene to Miocene silisiclastic strata in northern Taiwan is often problematic, and highly changeable from place to place. In order to decipher detailed relative sea-level variations in these coastal to shallow marine deposits, we preliminarily apply sequence stratigraphic analysis to their outcrops in three northern coastal sections of Tawulungao, Batoutz and Pitouchiao. In a composite stratigraphic section, these strata, over 3,400 meters in thickness, evidently exhibit accumulation in a shallow shelf bordered by deltas and tidal flats. They are classifiable into eight facies associations, namely, the outer and inner shelves, shoreface, delta front, delta plain, subtidal, intertidal and supratidal flats. In shelf deposits, sequence boundaries are characterized by the sharp-based shoreface sandstones overlying inner/outer shelf deposits, while in coastal deposits, they are associated with paleosols and characterized by facies changes from the delta front to delta plain, or from the intertidal to supratidal flats. Nineteen Sequences are divided in the composite section. In each of them, lowstand, transgressive and highstand systems tracts are recognized by stacking patterns of aggradation, retrogradation and progradation in facies succession, respectively. Constrained by a chronostratigraphic framework delineated by biozone boundaries of P19-20/21-22, P21-22/N4, N8/9 and NN11/12, a sequence stratigraphic template is established as 6 Oligocene Sequences, 6 Early Miocene and 6 Middle-Late Miocene ones (O-1~6, EM-1~6 AND mlm-1~6, respectively). According to the sequence boundaries and stacking patterns of systems tracts, relative sea-level changes in each Sequence are divided into abrupt fall, gentle rise, significant rise and gradual fall. Thus, the facies succession of the studied sections are translated into 18 T-R cycles, in which LST of SQ MLM-2 is not preserved. Compared with the Vail's chart, the synthesized relative sea-level curve is generally concordant with its 3rd-order fluctuations, indicating that the Oligocene-Miocene sedimentation in the northern coastal area was influenced dominantly by the global eustacy. |
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